Prostacyclinsynthase

Prostacyclinsynthase
Prostacyclinsynthase
Bändermodell mit Häm im Zentrum (Kalotten) nach PDB 2IAG

Vorhandene Strukturdaten: PDB 2iag, 3b6h

Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
Masse/Länge Primärstruktur 57,1 Kilodalton / 500 Aminosäuren
Sekundär- bis Quartärstruktur single pass Membranprotein
Kofaktor Häm-Thiolat
Bezeichner
Gen-Namen
Externe IDs
Enzymklassifikation
EC, Kategorie
Reaktionsart Umlagerung
Substrat Prostaglandin H2
Produkte Prostacyclin
Vorkommen
Homologie-Familie Hovergen
Übergeordnetes Taxon Wirbeltiere
Orthologe
Mensch Hausmaus
Entrez 5740 19223
Ensembl ENSG00000124212 ENSMUSG00000017969
UniProt Q16647 O35074
Refseq (mRNA) NM_000961 NM_008968
Refseq (Protein) NP_000952 NP_032994
Genlocus Chr 20: 49.5 – 49.57 Mb Chr 2: 167.19 – 167.24 Mb
PubMed-Suche 5740 19223

Prostacyclinsynthase (Gen: PTGIS) ist das Enzym, das die Umlagerung von Prostaglandin H2 nach Prostacyclin katalysiert. Diese Reaktion ist das Gegengewicht zur Umwandlung nach Thromboxan A2, und auch die Reaktionsprodukte sind physiologische Gegenspieler. Die Synthase kommt in Wirbeltieren vor. Beim Menschen ist sie als Membranprotein in allen Gewebetypen, besonders aber in Ovarien, Herz, Skelettmuskeln, Lunge und Prostata zu finden.[1]

Prostacyclinsynthase ist in der Membran des endoplasmatischen Reticulums auf der Innenseite lokalisiert und ist über ein Fusionsprotein eng assoziiert mit den Enzymen COX-1/COX-2. Als Gegenspieler einer Thromboxan A2-erzeugten Thrombose ist die Prostacyclinsynthase ein gentherapeutisches Target für die Behandlung der pulmonalen Hypertonie.[2][3][4]

Katalysierte Reaktion

PGH2  ⇒  PGI2

Prostaglandin H2 wird zu Prostaglandin I2 (Prostacyclin) umgelagert.

Weitere Funktionen

Bestimmte Varianten der Prostacyclinsynthase waren assoziiert mit schwerem Verlauf einer Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus-Infektion japanischer Kinder.[5]

Regulation

Signaltransduktion von Tretinoin über den Retinsäure-Rezeptor erhöht die Expression von Prostacyclinsynthase. Enzymaktivität wird gehemmt durch Peroxynitrit, was durch Glutathion oder Vitamin C verhindert wird.[6][7]

Einzelnachweise

  1. UniProt Q16647
  2. Wu KK, Liou JY: Cellular and molecular biology of prostacyclin synthase. In: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 338. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, Dezember 2005, S. 45–52, doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.021, PMID 16115610.
  3. Ruan KH, Deng H, So SP: Engineering of a protein with cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthase activities that converts arachidonic acid to prostacyclin. In: Biochemistry. 45. Jahrgang, Nr. 47, November 2006, S. 14003–11, doi:10.1021/bi0614277, PMID 17115695.
  4. Ito T, Okada T, Mimuro J, et al: Adenoassociated virus-mediated prostacyclin synthase expression prevents pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. In: Hypertension. 50. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, September 2007, S. 531–6, doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.091348, PMID 17635855.
  5. Hashimoto K, Ishibashi K, Gebretsadik T, et al: Functional polymorphism of the promoter region of the prostacyclin synthase gene and severity of RSV infection in hospitalized children. In: J. Med. Virol. 80. Jahrgang, Nr. 11, November 2008, S. 2015–22, doi:10.1002/jmv.21318, PMID 18814254.
  6. Camacho M, Rodríguez C, Salazar J, et al: Retinoic acid induces PGI synthase expression in human endothelial cells. In: J. Lipid Res. 49. Jahrgang, Nr. 8, August 2008, S. 1707–14, doi:10.1194/jlr.M700559-JLR200, PMID 18458045.
  7. Zou MH: Peroxynitrite and protein tyrosine nitration of prostacyclin synthase. In: Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 82. Jahrgang, Nr. 1–4, Januar 2007, S. 119–27, doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.05.005, PMID 17164139.

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