Passus duriusculus

Carlo Gesualdo verwendete hier den Passus duriusculus in Terzschichtung. In der Grafik ist er mit drei aufeinander folgenden rotbraunen Markierungen gekennzeichnet.

Mit Passus duriusculus (lat. der harte/schwere Gang) bezeichnet Christoph Bernhard (1628–1692) eine musikalische Figur, die er dem stylus communis zuordnet.[1] Somit handelt es sich dabei um eine typische Form der Dissonanzbehandlung, wie sie in Kirchen- und Tafelmusik sowie in Sonaten des 17. Jahrhunderts gebräuchlich war.

Bernhard zufolge tritt ein Passus duriusculus auf zwei Arten in Erscheinung: Erstens, wenn eine Stimme „ein Semitonium minus steiget, oder fället“,[2] sich also in chromatischen Halbtonschritten fortbewegt. Dies demonstriert Bernhard anhand des folgenden Beispiels:


\version "2.14.2"
\header {
  tagline = ##f
        }
melody = \relative c'' {
  \override Score.TimeSignature.stencil=##f
  \key f \major
  \time 2/2
  \tempo 4 = 72
r4 d cis c | b bes a2 \bar "||" r4 e f fis | g gis a2 \bar "||" }

\score {
  \new Staff = "melody" \melody
  \layout {
\override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent =##t
    \context {
      \Score
      \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver"
\remove "Mark_engraver"
      \remove "Staff_collecting_engraver"
    }
  }
  \midi { }
}

Die aufsteigende Variante dieses Passus duriusculus findet sich beispielsweise zu Beginn von O süßer, o freundlicher, o gütiger Herr Jesu Christe (SWV 285) von Heinrich Schütz. Häufiger jedoch ist die absteigende Form, zumal diese als Element des chromatisch diminuierten Lamentobasses in zahlreichen Kompositionen des 17. bis 19. Jahrhunderts auftaucht, wie z. B. als Ostinato im Crucifixus der h-Moll-Messe (BWV 232) von Johann Sebastian Bach.

Des Weiteren spricht Bernhard von einem Passus duriusculus, wenn „der Gang zur Secunde allzugroß oder zur Tertie zu klein, oder zur Quarta und Quinta zu groß oder zu klein ist“,[3] was er durch folgende Beispiele veranschaulicht (Bass und Bezifferung hinzugefügt):


\version "2.14.2"
\header {
  tagline = ##f
        }
melody = \relative c' {
  \override Score.TimeSignature.stencil=##f
  \key c \major
  \time 2/2
  \tempo 4 = 72
\once \override Score.RehearsalMark.self-alignment-X = #LEFT \mark "Secunda abundans." es8. d16 \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red \tweak Accidental.color #red es4 \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red \tweak Accidental.color #red fis8. fis16 g4 | g4. fis8 g2 \bar "||"}

\addlyrics { Im -- pi -- è im -- pi -- è fe -- ci -- mus. }

bass = \relative c {
  \override Score.TimeSignature.stencil=##f
  \clef bass
  \key c \major
  \time 2/2
  \tempo 4 = 72
c2~ c4 bes8. c16 | d2 g, }

\score {
  \new pianoStaff
    << \new Staff = "melody" \melody
       \new Staff = "bass" \bass
       \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <_->2 <4+ 2>4 <6>4 | <4> <_+> } } >>
  \layout {
\override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent =##t
    \context {
      \Score
      \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver"
%      \remove "Staff_collecting_engraver"
      \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
    }
  indent = 0
  }
  \midi { }
}

\version "2.14.2"
\header {
  tagline = ##f
        }
melody = \relative c' {
  \override Score.TimeSignature.stencil=##f
  \key c \major
  \time 2/2
  \tempo 4 = 72
\once \override Score.RehearsalMark.self-alignment-X = #LEFT \mark "Tertia deficiens." r4 f \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red \tweak Accidental.color #red es d8. \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red \tweak Accidental.color #red cis16 | cis8. cis16 d2 cis4 | d1 \bar "||" }

\addlyrics { In hac la -- cry -- ma -- rum va -- le. }

bass = \relative c {
  \override Score.TimeSignature.stencil=##f
  \clef bass
  \key c \major
  \time 2/2
  \tempo 4 = 72
g2~ <g bes es> | g4 f8. g16 a2 d,1 }

\score {
   \new pianoStaff
    << \new Staff = "melody" \melody
       \new Staff = "bass" \bass
       \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { s2 <6- _->2 <4+ 2>4 <6>4 | <4> <_+> } } >>
  \layout {
\override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent =##t
    \context {
      \Score
      \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver"
      \remove "Staff_collecting_engraver"
      \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
    }
  indent = 0
  }
  \midi { }
}

So entsteht im ersten der beiden Beispiele zwischen den Tönen es und fis eine übermäßige Sekunde. Im zweiten Beispiel ergibt sich zwischen den Tönen es und cis eine verminderte Terz.

Letztere ist in der Literatur häufig dort anzutreffen, wo (wie in Bernhards Beispiel) die tiefalterierte Sexte des neapolitanischen Sextakkords in den Leitton weitergeführt wird.

Tonbeispiel

(Siehe: Halbton, mit Beispiel: Passus duriusculus)

Info zur Audio-Datei
Akkorde hier nach W.A. Mozart: Misericordias Domini, d-Moll (KV 205 a)
Rein intoniert sind die diatonischen Halbtöne
und chromatischen Halbtöne (übermäßigen Primen) im Bass die Intervalle:

c → h 112 Cent
h → b 092 Cent
b → a 112 Cent
a → as 71 Cent
as → g 112 Cent

Siehe auch

Quellen und Literatur (chronologisch)

Einzelnachweise

  1. Bernhard: Tractatus, Kap. 21.
  2. Bernhard: Tractatus, Kap. 29.
  3. Bernhard: Tractatus, Kap. 29.

Read other articles:

1993 single by Dionne WarwickWhere My Lips Have BeenSingle by Dionne Warwickfrom the album Friends Can Be Lovers Released1993Length4:35LabelAristaSongwriter(s) Robert Charles Burns Sandy Knox Don Huber Producer(s)Barry EastmondDionne Warwick singles chronology Sunny Weather Love (1993) Where My Lips Have Been (1993) Friends Can Be Lovers (1993) Where My Lips Have Been is a song recorded by American singer Dionne Warwick. It was written by Robert Charles Burns, Sandy Knox, and Don Huber fo...

 

American college football season This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 2006 Duke Blue Devils football team – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2006 Duke Blue Devils footballConferenceAtlantic Coast ConferenceDivisionCoastal DivisionRecord0–...

 

خريطة العالم تظهر الوضع القانوني للدعارة بحسب البلد:   الدعارة قانونية ومنظمة   الدعارة (مبادلة الجنس للمال) قانونية، لكن النشاطات المنظمة مثل بيوت الدعارة والقوادة غير قانونية؛ الدعارة غير منظمة   الدعارة غير قانونية   لا بيانات الدعارة في كينيا واسعة...

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: 新潟県道586号水原亀田線 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2012年12月) 一般県道 新潟県道586号 水原亀田

 

Brzeg Lambang Brzeg Lokasi Brzeg Katrangan cekak Provinsi: Provinsi Opole Luas: 14,7 km² Penduduk: 38.496 jiwa (2005) Pelat nomor kendaraan bermotor: OB Alamatbalai kota: ul. Robotnicza 12 49-300 Brzeg Situs web resmi: www.brzeg.pl Politik Wali kota: Wojciech Huczyński Brzeg (Jerman Brieg) adalah sebuah kota di Provinsi Opole di Polandia. Kota ini memiliki penduduk sebesar 38.496 jiwa. Kota ini juga merupakan ibu kota powiat ('Kabupaten') Brzeg. Powiat berdiri pada tanggal 1 Januari 1999, s...

 

Templat:Extra album cover 2SorealistKover album Sorealist edisi CDAlbum kompilasi karya SoreDirilis20 April 2013 (Edisi digital) 5 Mei 2013 (Edisi flashdisk) 23 November 2013 (Edisi CD)GenreIndie popProduserSoreKronologi Sore Sombreros Kiddos(2010) Sorealist(2013) Los Skut Leboys(2015) Singel dalam album Sorealist Sssst...Dirilis: 20 Maret 2013 Sorealist adalah album kompilasi oleh Sore yang dirilis pada 20 April 2013. Di album ini terdapat materi lama dari album studio Centralismo dan Po...

Ombak pada Skala Beaufort 12 Skala Beaufort adalah ukuran empiris yang berkaitan dengan kecepatan angin untuk pengamatan kondisi di darat atau di laut. Skala ini ditemukan oleh Francis Beaufort pada tahun 1805. Beaufort mengukur kecepatan angin dengan menggambarkan pengaruhnya pada kecepatan kapal dan gelombang air laut. Skala Beaufort menggunakan angka dan simbol. Semakin besar angka skala Beaufort, maka semakin kencang angin berhembus dan bahkan bisa semakin merusak. Skala Beaufort dimulai ...

 

Bistum Grenoble-Vienne Karte Bistum Grenoble-Vienne Basisdaten Staat Frankreich Kirchenprovinz Lyon Metropolitanbistum Erzbistum Lyon Diözesanbischof Jean-Marc Eychenne Fläche 7431 km² Pfarreien 45 (2019 / AP 2020) Einwohner 1.279.514 (2019 / AP 2020) Katholiken 811.500 (2019 / AP 2020) Anteil 63,4 % Diözesanpriester 144 (2019 / AP 2020) Ordenspriester 52 (2019 / AP 2020) Katholiken je Priester 4140 Ständige Diakone 46 (2019 / AP 2020) Ordensbrüder 64 (2019 / AP 2020) Ordensschwest...

 

American actor Vaughan GlaserGlaser in Meet John Doe (1941)Born(1872-11-17)17 November 1872Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.Died23 November 1958(1958-11-23) (aged 86)Van Nuys, California, U.S.Years active1939-1944 (film)Spouse Lois Landon ​ ​(m. 1927; died 1958)​Children2 Vaughan Glaser (November 17, 1872 – November 23, 1958) was an American stage and film actor. His stage career started a long time before the First World War;[1] he ofte...

Painting by Giovanni Fattori This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Quadrato di Villafranca – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Quadrato di VillafrancItalian: Esercitazione di TiroArtistGiovanni FattoriYear1876 - 1880MediumOil on canvasDi...

 

Island of Croatia This article is about the Croatian island of Korčula. For the town of the same name, see Korčula (town). KorčulaKorčula (town)GeographyLocationAdriatic SeaCoordinates42°57′N 17°07′E / 42.950°N 17.117°E / 42.950; 17.117ArchipelagoSouthern DalmatianArea279 km2 (108 sq mi)Length46.8 km (29.08 mi)Width7.8 km (4.85 mi)Highest elevation568 m (1864 ft)Highest pointKlupcaAdministrationCroatiaC...

 

Irregular Choice is a fashion brand founded in Brighton in 1999.[1] It specialises in unusual footwear, bags and accessories. History Irregular Choice was founded in 1999 by the designer Dan Sullivan. He told Women's Wear Daily that his brightly coloured, unusual designs were created in response to boring and very black and brown British High Street fashions in the late 1990s, and that the printed and coloured footwear sold far better than the classic designs.[2] Sullivan's mo...

International organization in Oceania Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries AgencyLogo of the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries AgencyAbbreviationFFAFormation9 August 1979 (44 years ago) (1979-08-09)TypeInternational organizationPurposeFisheries managementHeadquartersHoniara, Solomon IslandsCoordinates9°26′00″S 159°57′52″E / 9.433328°S 159.964478°E / -9.433328; 159.964478Area served Pacific OceanMembership 17 state membersDirector GeneralManumatavai T...

 

Batalyon Infanteri 405/Surya KusumaLambang Yonif 405 /Surya KusumaDibentuk28 Oktober 1953NegaraIndonesiaCabangInfanteriTipe unitSatuan TempurPeranPasukan Jalan KakiBagian dariBrigif 4/Dewa RatnaMarkasBanyumas, Jawa TengahJulukanYonif 405/SKMotoSetia,Tangguh, Pantang MenyerahBaretHijauUlang tahun28 Oktober Batalyon Infanteri 405/Surya Kusuma merupakan Batalyon Infanteri organik di bawah Kodam IV/Diponegoro. Yonif 405/SK sekarang berada di bawah komando langsung Brigade Infanteri 4/Dewa Ratna y...

 

Philippine presidential administration from 2001 to 2010 Presidency of Gloria Macapagal ArroyoJanuary 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010PresidentGloria Macapagal ArroyoCabinetSee listPartyKAMPI and Lakas-CMD (2001–09)Lakas–Kampi–CMD (2009–10)Election2004SeatMalacañang Palace, Manila← Joseph EstradaBenigno Aquino III → Seal of the president This article is part of a series aboutGloria Macapagal Arroyo Early life Family 14th President of the Philippines Policies ...

For other uses, see Trango (disambiguation). TranGOCommenced operationJuly 1, 2015 (2015-07-01)LocaleOkanogan County, WashingtonService typeBusRoutes8Fleet8 minibusesChief executiveBrent TimmWebsiteokanogantransit.com TranGO, also known as the Okanogan County Transit Authority (OCTA),[1] is a public transit agency that provides bus service in Okanogan County, Washington. History TranGO was approved by voters on November 5, 2013,[2][3] and began operation...

 

This is a list of vice-chancellors of the University of Hong Kong. No. Portrait President Took office Left office Note 1 Sir Charles Eliot 1912 1918 2 G. P. Jordan 1918 1921 Acting 3 Sir William Brunyate 1921 1924 4 Sir William Hornell 1924 1937 5 Duncan Sloss 1937 1949 6 Sir Lindsay Ride 1949 1964 7 W. C. G. Knowles 1964 1965 8 A. J. S. McFadzean 1965 1965 9 Kenneth Robinson 1965 1972 10 Rayson Huang 1972 1986 Resigned and retired 11 Wang Gungwu 1986 1995 12 Patrick Cheng 1996 6 September200...

 

New Zealand politician (1954–2022) For the Dunedin politician, see Peter Neilson (politician born 1879). The HonourablePeter NeilsonNeilson in 198634th Minister of Works and DevelopmentIn office9 February 1990 – 2 November 1990Prime MinisterGeoffrey PalmerMike MoorePreceded byBill JeffriesSucceeded byDoug Kidd20th Minister of RevenueIn office9 February 1990 – 2 November 1990Prime MinisterGeoffrey PalmerMike MoorePreceded byDavid CaygillSucceeded byWyatt Creech51st Mini...

Municipal unit in GreeceKandanos ΚάνδανοςMunicipal unitKandanos centreKandanosLocation within the regional unit Coordinates: 35°19′37″N 23°44′30″E / 35.32694°N 23.74167°E / 35.32694; 23.74167CountryGreeceAdministrative regionCreteRegional unitChaniaMunicipalityKantanos-SelinoArea • Municipal unit73.1 km2 (28.2 sq mi)Population (2011)[1] • Municipal unit1,118 • Municipal unit density15/k...

 

American politician Brian CunninghamMember of the New York State Assemblyfrom the 43rd districtIncumbentAssumed office March 30, 2022Preceded byDiana Richardson Personal detailsBorn (1984-12-16) December 16, 1984 (age 39)New York City, U.S.Political partyDemocraticResidence(s)Brooklyn, New York, U.S.SignatureWebsitehttps://nyassembly.gov/mem/Brian-Cunningham/ Brian A. Cunningham (born December 16, 1984) is an American politician serving as a member of the New York State Assembly from...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!