Mönlam

Pilger im Heiligtum Jokhang, Lhasa, während des Großen Gebetsfestes (Mönlam Chenmo)

Das tibetische Fest Mönlam oder Mönlam Chenmo (tib.: smon lam chen mo[1]), die Feier des Großen Gebetes der Tibeter kurz nach dem Tibetischen Neujahrsfest Losar, ist ihr größtes religiöses Ereignis des Jahres. Es geht auf eine 1409 von Tsongkhapa aus der Gelug-Schule des tibetischen Buddhismus begründete Tradition zurück.

Gewöhnlich im Frühling vom 4. bis 11. Tag des ersten Monats nach dem tibetischen Kalender, in den drei großen Klöstern Lhasas vom 3. oder 4. bis zum 25. Tag[2] nach dem tibetischen Kalender, versammeln sich vor dem Shakyamuni-Bildnis im Heiligtum Jokhang buddhistische Mönche aus den Klöstern Drepung, Sera und Ganden und andere Pilger, verrichten Gebete, rezitieren und debattieren Sutren. Examen für den Geshe-Titel (den höchsten Gelehrtengrad im tibetischen Buddhismus) werden abgehalten.

Höhepunkt ist die Zeremonie des "Sonnens des Buddha"[3], bei der ein 30 × 20 m großes Thangka mit einem Buddhabildnis am Hang eines Hügels entrollt wird.[4]

Es wird auch in den Klöstern Labrang und Rongwo Gönchen in Amdo gefeiert. In die Zeit dieses Festes fallen mehrere kleinere tibetische Feste, darunter das Fest der Freilassung gefangener Tiere[5] am 8. und das Butterlampenfest[6] (Chötrul Düchen) am 15. Tag nach dem tibetischen Kalender.

Siehe auch

Einzelnachweise und Fußnoten

  1. ↑ Chinesische Bezeichnungen für die Große Dharma-Versammlung sind 传召大法会, Chuanzhao dafahui, 祈愿大法会, Qiyuan Dafahui und (nach dem Tibetischen) 莫朗钦波节, Molang Qinbo jie.
  2. ↑ chinaculture.org (Memento vom 5. März 2016 im Internet Archive): Chuanzhao Dafahui (gefunden am 7. November 2009) - Das Fest ist in verschiedenen Gegenden von unterschiedlicher Länge und findet an unterschiedlichen Tagen statt, siehe Anmerkung ("Note") in chinaculture.org (Memento vom 6. September 2009 im Internet Archive): Great Prayer Festival (gefunden am 7. November 2009)
  3. ↑ chin. 展佛曬唐卡, zhan Fo shai tangka.
  4. ↑ chinaculture.org (Memento vom 6. September 2009 im Internet Archive): Chuanzhao Dafahui (gefunden am 7. November 2009). Zur Entrollung eines Thangkas, siehe Photos@1@2Vorlage:Toter Link/tw.myblog.yahoo.com (Seite nicht mehr abrufbar, festgestellt im Mai 2019. Suche in Webarchiven)  Info: Der Link wurde automatisch als defekt markiert. Bitte prüfe den Link gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis. vom Shoton-Fest im Kloster Drepung - tw.myblog.yahoo.com (gefunden am 7. November 2009)
  5. ↑ chin. 放生节, Fangshengjie
  6. ↑ chin. 酥油灯节, Suyou dengjie, 酥油花灯节, Suyou huadengjie, 花灯节, Huadengjie
  7. ↑ Die "drei Großen Gebetsversammlungen in der Geschichte des tibetischen Buddhismus" sind die Gebetsversammlung des Feuer-Drachen-Jahres, Chumig Chökhor und Mönlam Chenmo.

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