Joseph Levine

Joseph Levine (* 17. Januar 1952) ist ein US-amerikanischer Philosoph, der an der University of Massachusetts Amherst lehrt.

Leben und Werk

Sein Arbeitsgebiet ist die Philosophie des Geistes. Er wurde bekannt mit dem sogenannten „Explanatory-gap-argument“.

Die Idee ist, dass eine unüberwindliche Erklärungslücke (explanatory gap) besteht, wenn wir unser Bewusstsein mittels naturwissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen verstehen wollen. Eine naturwissenschaftliche Erklärung mentaler Zustände würde die reduktive Zurückführung aller Eigenschaften ebendieser Zustände erfordern. Die Eigenschaft in besonderer Weise erlebt zu werden (Qualia), ist jedoch nicht reduktiv durch Neuronenfeuer o. ä. erklärbar. Es bleibt eine Kluft zwischen der Außenperspektive der Naturwissenschaftler und der Erlebnisperspektive der Ersten Person.

Hierbei will Levine jedoch nicht zu einem Dualismus zurückkehren (wie etwa Karl Popper und John C. Eccles), sondern bleibt – trotz der beschriebenen Probleme – Materialist.

Literatur

Die Ideen werden entwickelt in:

  • Materialism and Qualia: The Explanatory Gap. In: Pacific Philosophical Quarterly. Band 64, Nr. 4, Oktober 1983, S. 354–361.
  • On Leaving Out What It's Like. In: G. Humphreys und M. Davies (Hrsg.): Consciousness. Psychological and Philosophical Essays. Basil Blackwell, Oxford 1993, S. 121–136. Nachdruck in: N.J. Block, O. Flanagan, and G. Güzeledere (Hrsg.): The Nature of Consciousness. Philosophical Debates. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1997.

Zudem ist ein Buch erschienen, das das Thema ausführlich behandelt: Purple Haze. The Puzzle of Consciousness. Oxford University Press, 2001.

Personendaten
NAME Levine, Joseph
KURZBESCHREIBUNG US-amerikanischer Philosoph
GEBURTSDATUM 17. Januar 1952

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