Etymon

Etymon (Plural Etyma; altgriechisch ἔτυμον étymon [n.] zu ἔτυμος étymos „wahr, wahrhaft, echt, wirklich“) ist ein Begriff der historischen Sprachwissenschaft (Linguistik), der in zwei einander verwandten Bedeutungen verstanden werden kann als:

  • diejenige Wortform (oder Form eines Wortteils), aus der heraus sich spätere sprachliche Ausdrücke entwickelt haben; in diesem Sinne sind die Wurzeln der Wörter Etyma;
  • die Herkunft der Wörter oder Wortteile beziehungsweise die Erklärung dieser Herkunft.[1]

Beispiel

Die deutschen Wörter haben, heben, Habicht, Hafen und etliche andere gehen ebenso wie lateinisch capere, bretonisch kavout und albanisch kap auf die indogermanische Verbwurzel *kh₂p- ‚halten, packen‘ zurück.[2] Diese erschlossene Wurzel ist also das Etymon für eine ganze Wortfamilie.[3]

Siehe auch

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Beide Bedeutungen nach: Kluge. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Bearbeitet von Elmar Seebold. 24., durchgesehene und erweiterte Auflage. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2002, S. XV. ISBN 3-11-017472-3.
  2. Beispiel aus: Harro Gross: Einführung in die germanistische Linguistik. 3., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, neu bearbeitet von Klaus Fischer. Iudicium, München 1998, S. 111. ISBN 3-89129-240-6.
  3. Der Begriff in seinem historischen Verständnis.
Wiktionary: Etymon – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen

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