Gruppen for Europæisk Frihed og Demokrati

Europæisk Frihed og Demokrati eller engelsk Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) er en højreorienteret euroskeptisk politisk gruppering i Europa-Parlamentet.[1][2] Grupperingen blev skabt efter Europa-Parlamentsvalget 2009 og består primært af elementer fra de forhenværende Independence/Democracy og Union for a Europe of Nations grupperinger i Europa-Parlamentet.

Gruppen består af ti politiske partier, de største er det britiske UK Independence Party (UKIP) med 11 pladser og det italienske Lega Nord med 9 pladser. EFD er den mindst integrationsvenlige gruppe i Europa-Parlamentet. Gruppen betragtes som værende placeret mellem højrefløjen[3][4][5] og højreekstremisterne[6][7][8][9] på den politiske skala.

Dansk Folkeparti var 2009-14 repræsenteret i gruppen ved Morten Messerschmidt fra Dansk Folkeparti. 2014-19 sidder de 4 medlemmer af Dansk Folkeparti i Gruppen af Europæiske Konservative og Reformister.

Medlemspartierne

EU-stater med et EP-medlem af EFD (vist med lys orange), EU-stater med mere end et EP-medlem af EFD (vist med mørk orange).

Europæisk Frihed og Demokrati havde i alt 34 valgte medlemmer af Europa-Parlamentet mellem 2009-2014:

Medlemsstat Parti EP-medlemmer Tidligere gruppe
 Belgien Frank Vanhecke (uafhængig) 1[10] ingen
 Bulgarien National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria 1[10] ingen
 Danmark Dansk Folkeparti 1[10] ingen
 Finland De Sande Finner 1[10] n/a
 Frankrig Mouvement pour la France 1[10] Independence/Democracy
 Grækenland Popular Orthodox Rally 2[10] Independence/Democracy
 Italien Lega Nord 8+1[10][11] Union for Europe of the Nations
 Italien I Love Italy 1[10] Gruppen for Det Europæiske Folkeparti
 Litauen Order and Justice 2[10] Union for Europe of the Nations
 Holland Reformed Political Party 1[10] Independence/Democracy
 Polen United Poland 4[10] Gruppen af Europæiske Konservative og Reformister
 Slovakiet Slovak National Party 1[10] n/a
 Storbritannien UK Independence Party 10[10][12] Independence/Democracy

Kilder

  1. ^ John Peterson; Michael Shackleton (22. marts 2012). The Institutions of the European Union. Oxford University Press. s. 341–. ISBN 978-0-19-957498-8. Hentet 7. august 2013.
  2. ^ Christophe Gillissen (2010). Ireland: Looking East. Peter Lang. s. 158–. ISBN 978-90-5201-652-8.
  3. ^ Ivaldi, Gilles (2011), "The Populist Radical Right in European Elections 1979–2009", The Extreme Right in Europe: Current Trends and Perspectives, Vandenhoeck & Ruprect, s. 19
  4. ^ Jansen, Thomas; Van Hecke, Steven (2011), At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party, Springer, s. 229
  5. ^ Considère-Charon, Marie-Claire (2010), "Irish MEPs in an enlarged Europe", Ireland: Looking East, Peter Lang, s. 158
  6. ^ Far-right MEPs form group in European Parliament, euractiv.com
  7. ^ Roy H. Ginsberg, Demystifying the European Union: The Enduring Logic of Regional Integration, p. 170, Rowman & Littlefield, 2010, ISBN 0742566927
  8. ^ Rob Ford, Matthew J. Goodwin, Voting for Extremists, passim, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 041569051X
  9. ^ Kietz, Daniela; von Ondarza, Nicolai (februar 2014), Eurosceptics in the European Parliament: Isolated and Divided in Brussels but Driving National Debates (PDF), SWP Comments, German Institute for International and Security Affairs, s. 2
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Members". EDF Group. Arkiveret fra originalen 1. maj 2012. Hentet 1. maj 2012.
  11. ^ Oreste Rossi Is no more member of the Northern League
  12. ^ As of Dec 2012, 11 MEPs belong to the United Kingdom Independence Party but one of these – Trevor Colman is no longer a member of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy group. Mike Nattrass rejoined the EFD in december 2012

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