Delfrydiaeth (damcaniaeth cysylltiadau rhyngwladol)

Damcaniaeth ym maes cysylltiadau rhyngwladol yw delfrydiaeth sydd yn dal taw delfrydau athroniaeth wleidyddol wladol a ddylai pennu amcanion polisi tramor y wladwriaeth.

Datblygodd faes cysylltiadau rhyngwladol mewn adlach i'r Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf. Un o ysbrydoliaethau'r ddisgyblaeth newydd oedd syniadaeth Woodrow Wilson, Arlywydd yr Unol Daleithiau, am y byd rhyddfrydol a ddaw. Danfonodd David Davies a'i chwiorydd lythyr at Goleg Prifysgol Cymru, Aberystwyth, yn cynnig arian er cof am y myfyrwyr fu farw i sefydlu cadair er astudiaethau'r pynciau hynny – gwleidyddiaeth, y gyfraith, moeseg, economeg – sydd yn ceisio datrys gwrthdaro rhyngwladol. Sefydlwyd Cadair Woodrow Wilson ac Adran Gwleidyddiaeth Ryngwladol Aberystwyth ym 1919. Ysgrifennai'r hanesydd C. K. Webster, yr ail athro i gymryd y Gadair, bod y Rhyfel Mawr "wedi gwanhau seiliau'r drefn ryngwladol cymaint, ac wedi newid ein cysyniadau o gysylltiadau rhyngwladol mor ddidrugaredd, fel mae'n rhaid ailfwrw ein syniadau".

Yn y cyfnod rhwng y ddau ryfel byd, rhagolwg gobeithiol o heddwch oedd y farn gyffredin gan ysgolheigion yr egin ddisgyblaeth, a gafodd y ddamcaniaeth hon ei alw'n ddiweddarach yn ddelfrydiaeth. Dadleuai'r delfrydwyr o blaid diwygiadau a sefydliadau i feithrin cydweithrediad a chyfeillgarwch rhwng gwladwriaethau. Cynghrair y Cenhedloedd oedd yr ymdrech amlycaf rhwng y rhyfeloedd i ymgynnull gwladwriaethau mewn sefydliad rhyngwladol. Gosodant seiliau damcaniaethol i'r polisïau hyn drwy gysyniadau megis harmoni diddordebau a'r heddwch democrataidd. Osgoi rhyfel oedd y prif amcan polisi tramor yn ôl y delfrydwyr, ac o ganlyniad buont yn argymell anymyrraeth a dyhuddiad yn wyneb ymlediad tiriogaethol a thwf ffasgaeth yn Ewrop.

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