Vnitřně přechodné kovy

Vnitřně přechodné kovy
 
 
 
 
               
               
                                   
                                   
                                                               
                                                               

Vnitřně přechodné kovy jsou kovové prvky bloku f periodické tabulky, tedy prvky s protonovým číslem 57-71 a 89-103.[1][2]

Tyto prvky se dělí na dvě skupiny – lanthanoidy a aktinoidy.

Reaktivita

Jsou velmi reaktivní, reagují s vodou za vzniku vodíku. Mají vyšší hustotu, teplotu tání a varu než kovy alkalických zemin. Přidávají se do kamínků v zapalovačích, protože na vzduchu snadno hoří. Získávají se elektrolyticky z tavenin chloridů.

Většinou tvoří iontové soli, v nichž tvoří trojmocné kationty M3+. Cer tvoří sérii silných oxidačních činidel v nichž má oxidační číslo +4, např. CeO2. Lehčí aktinoidy (protaktinium až americium) mohou dosáhnout oxidačních stavů +2 až +6.

Reference

  1. ↑ Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry - IUPAC Recommendations 2005 ("Red Book"), oddíl IR-3.5
  2. ↑ Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry - IUPAC Provisional Recommendations, oddíl IR-3.6.2

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Externí odkazy

Periodická tabulka prvků

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