Srdeční svalovina

Srdeční svalovina na řezu - linie kolmé na průběh vláken jsou interkalární disky (viz článek)

Srdeční svalovina (též myokard) je typ svaloviny, jež umožňuje pravidelné stahy srdce. Jedná se o nejmohutnější část srdeční stěny, kterou tvoří spolu s epikardem a endokardem. Nejsilnější myokard se nachází v levé komoře srdce, protože zde dochází k vypuzování okysličené krve do velkého krevního oběhu. Srdeční svalovina v sobě spojuje vlastnosti kosterní i hladké svalové tkáně.[1]

Stavba

Základní buněčnou jednotkou svaloviny srdce je tzv. kardiomyocyt, tedy jednojaderná svalová buňka cylindrického tvaru o rozměrech 90 x 15 μm s množstvím mitochondrií,[2] jež ve své cytoplazmě obsahuje aktin-myosinové myofibrily schopné stahu. Tyto buňky tvoří trojrozměrnou síť ,[3] navzájem pospojovaných tzv. interkalárními disky, což jsou komplexy mezibuněčných spojení, pod mikroskopem zřetelné jako světlolomné linie.[2] Celá svalovina je, podobně jako příčně pruhovaná svalovina, hierarchicky oddělená vazivem různé úrovně: endomysium, perimysium a epimysium.[2]

Část svaloviny srdce, tzv. převodní srdeční systém (srdeční automacie), je uzpůsobena k tvorbě a vedení vzruchu, který řídí stahy. Mimo to však má na činnost myokardu vliv sympatikus a parasympatikus, které ovšem neinervují přímo kardiomyocyty, ale ovlivňují buňky převodního srdečního systému svými mediátory.[3]

Výživa myokardu

Výživa myokardu a obecně celého srdce probíhá díky koronárním tepnám (věnčité tepny), ty vycházejí přímo z hlavní srdeční tepny srdečnice (aorta). Pokud není myokard správně vyživován, dochází ke komplikacím v podobě různých nemocí, zejména:

Reference

  1. ↑ GymCheb, moodle. Dostupné online. 
  2. ↑ a b c Svalová tkáň [online]. 3. LF UK, Histologie, .ppt [cit. 2009-06-07]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2005-05-26. 
  3. ↑ a b Hladká a srdeční svalovina [online]. Patobiomechanika a Patokinesiologie, kompendium [cit. 2009-06-07]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2009-04-22. 

Externí odkazy

Svalstvo člověka
Kosterní svaly
Svalstvo

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