Lezgové

Mapa území obydleného Lezgy
Lezginští tanečníci, okolo roku 1900

Lezgové nebo také Lezginci je národnost žijící v povodí řeky Samur na hranicích Dagestánu a Ázerbájdžánu. Jejich počet se podle různých odhadů pohybuje od 600 000 do jednoho milionu. Jejich jazyk, lezginština, patří do severovýchodokavkazské rodiny a zapisuje se upravenou cyrilicí.[1] Vyznávají převážně sunnitský islám.

Lezgové obývají horské vesnice, věnují se pěstování obilí nebo brambor, pastevectví a tkaní koberců, struktura jejich společnosti je výrazně patriarchální.[2] Jsou známi svým národním tancem lezginkou, pro který je charakteristické rychlé tempo a figury s rozpřaženýma rukama, napodobující let orla. Tradiční mužský oděv tvoří dlouhý kabát čucha a čepice papacha. Oblíbeným jídlem je afarar, placka z tenkého těsta plněná sýrem, skopovým masem a horskými bylinkami. Bohatá je lezginská ústní slovesnost, v níž vyniká hrdinský epos Šarvili.

Lezginci odvozují svůj původ od obyvatel starověké Kavkazské Albánie. Později žili pod nadvládou Osmanů a Peršanů, v 19. století se jejich země stala součástí Ruského impéria, v době kavkazské války mnoho Lezgů uprchlo do Turecka. V roce 1930 proběhlo neúspěšné protisovětské povstání, které vedl Mohamed Efendi Štulskim.[3]

Po rozpadu Sovětského svazu bylo území osídlené Lezgy rozděleno mezi Rusko a Ázerbájdžán. Roku 1992 vzniklo hnutí Sadval (Jednota), usilující o sjednocení a sebeurčení země nazývané Lezgistán. Řada jeho členů byla v Ázerbájdžánu uvězněna pro obvinění z terorismu.[4] Podle ázerbájdžánských údajů žije v zemi okolo 180 000 Lezgů, ale jejich organizace odhadují skutečný počet na více než čtvrt milionu.[5] V roce 2012 vstoupili zástupci Lezgů do Organizace nezastoupených států a národů.

Reference

  1. ↑ About Lezgi Language (Juvanbur.org)
  2. ↑ https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/13049/AJ Lezgin in Azerbaijan
  3. ↑ TER MARTIROSYAN, Aram. Not from the same home, but have the same burden [online]. Lragir.am, 2014-12-20 [cit. 2016-05-05]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2016-06-04. (angličtina) 
  4. ↑ Minorities At Risk Project, 2006-12-31 [cit. 2016-05-05]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2011-06-22. (angličtina) 
  5. ↑ World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Azerbaijan : Lezgins [online]. Minority Rights Group International, 2008 [cit. 2016-05-05]. Dostupné online. (angličtina) 

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