Lògica bivalent

Un sistema bivalent és aquell que admet només dos valors de veritat per als seus enunciats (premisses i conclusions). En la lògica bivalent, una proposició només pot ser vertadera o falsa, no existeixen valors intermedis de veritat. El clàssic sistema de lògica bivalent és la lògica aristotèlica, que se sustenta en tres principis bàsics:

  1. Principi d'identitat: A és veritat si i només si A és veritat. A ⇔ A
  2. Principi de no contradicció: A no pot ser A i no-A al mateix temps. - (A.-A)
  3. Principi del tercer exclòs: A és vertader o és fals, no hi ha una tercera possibilitat. Aw-A

No admet tampoc matisos modals en els seus enunciats, com ara "cal que", "és impossible que", etc. Es limita al llenguatge enunciatiu o declaratiu.

Hi ha altres sistemes de lògiques que no se sustenten en aquests principis i, per tant, admeten més de dos valors de veritat. Els sistemes de lògica modals o plurivalents (com la lògica trivalent de Jan Lukasiewicz o la lògica trivalent de Kleene), accepten un tercer valor, com "indeterminat" o "possible".[1]

Referències

  1. Diccionario de Filosofía (en castellà). Barcelona: SPES Editorial (edició especial per a RBA Editoriales), 2003, p. 26 (Biblioteca de Consulta Larousse). ISBN 84-8332-398-2. 

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