Ficció filosòfica

La ficció filosòfica es refereix a les obres de ficció en les quals una part significativa del contingut està dedicat a la discussió de problemàtiques que se solen abordar fent ús de la filosofia discursiva.[1] Aquest tipus de material pot incloure temes com la funció i el paper de la societat, el propòsit de la vida, l'ètica o la moral, el paper de l'art en la vida humana i el rol de l'experiència o la raó en el desenvolupament del coneixement.[cal citació] No deixa de ser un concepte difícil de definir per a determinar quina obra de ficció és filosòfica i quina no.[2] Així mateix, a aquest gènere pertanyen les anomenades «novel·les d'idees», incloent-hi una proporció significativa de gèneres com la ciència-ficció, la ficció utòpica i distòpica,[cal citació] la novel·la lírica i el Bildungsroman[1]. El modus operandi sol fer ús primerament d'una història normal per llavors començar simplement a explicar les parts difícils o fosques de la vida humana.[cal citació] La narrativa existencialista n'és un subgènere.[3]

A Espanya, la Generació del 98 cultivà, a principis del segle xx, la novel·la filosòfica.[4][5] La novel·la Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (L'home sense atributs), escrita per Robert Musil entre 1930 i 1942, és considerada una fita a la novel·la filosòfica.[6]

Les novel·les filosòfiques per a xiquets, un gènere de la literatura infantil, ha paregut a la segona meitat del segle XX i s'ha incorporat al currículum escolar. Ha destacat el model de Matthew Lipman, caracteritzat per:[7]

  • No mostrar gerga filosòfica ni anomenar cap filòsof.
  • Arguments trivials, que solen ser situats a una escola.
  • Apareixen xiquets dialogant en llenguatge totalment col·loquial.
  • Estructura temàtica intuïtiva.

També hi ha ficció filosòfica per a xiquets on no hi ha diàleg filosòfic de manera directa, solen ser històries de fantasia o ciència-ficció i solen centrar-se en un sol tema filosòfic.[7]

A les obres de ficció filosòfica hi ha el problema de poder confondre les idees genuïnes de l'autor amb les que solament volia imputar als personatges.[8]

Referències

  1. 1,0 1,1 Jiménez, 2004, p. 110.
  2. Jiménez, 2004, p. 113.
  3. Jiménez Martínez, 2011, p. 19.
  4. Johnson, 1992, p. 19.
  5. Johnson, R. «The Context and Achievement of Delirium and Destiny». A: Delirium and Destiny. A Spaniard in Her Twenties. Albany (Nova York): State University of New York Press, 1999, p. 227. ISBN 9780791440209. 
  6. Jiménez, 2004, p. 114.
  7. 7,0 7,1 Kennedy, David. «9. Developing Philosophical Facilitation». A: Philosophy in Schools: An Introduction for Philosophers and Teachers. Routledge, 2013, p. 110. ISBN 9780415640633. 
  8. Mikkonen, Jukka «Intentions and Interpretations: Philosophical Fiction as Conversation». Contemporary Aesthetics, 7, 2009.

Bibliografia

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