Traktor

Moderni evropski traktor
Američki traktor "Fordson F" iz 1925. godine u Muzeju Žeravica, Novo Miloševo kod Novog Bečeja.[1] U ovom muzeju čuva se najstariji traktor na Balkanu američki "Hart-Parr 30" iz 1920. godine sa 4-taktnim Oto motorom na benzin i petroleum.[2][3]
Američki traktor "McCormik 10-20" proizveden u Čikagu 1926. godine, danas se čuva u Poljoprivrednom muzeju Kulpin kod Bačkog Petrovca.
Prvi jugoslavenski traktor Zadrugar T-08 sa šestocilindričnim benzinskim motorom. Proizveden je u Industriji motora Rakovica u 2.528 primjeraka od 1951. do 1954. godine. Jedini sačuvan primjerak danas se čuva u Poljoprivredom muzeju Kulpin.

Traktor je mobilna mašina za obradu zemlje.

Traktori predstavljaju univerzalne uređaje na koje se mogu priključiti različite mašine specijalne namjene, kao što su plugovi, drljače, kosačice, cisterne za navodjavanje i đubrenje, berbu krompira, berbu repe, šprice za iznošenje pesticida i sl.

Iako za mnoge poslove postoje specijalizovane mašine, traktor ostaje, zbog svoje univerzalnosti, prije svega mašina za manje farme. Traktori se dijele po njihovoj veličini i snazi. Najjači modeli dostižu oko 300 konjskih snaga. Osim za rad na polju, moderni traktori se koriste i za transport. Pri tome dostižu brzine i do 60 km/h, a postoje modeli čija je maksimalna brzina čak 80 km/h. Brzina traktora je ograničena njegovom konstrukcijom, naime velikim masama i točkovima kao i prije svega nedostatkom amortizera na zadnjoj osovini.

Na bosanskohercegovačkim prostorima su traktori teško ekonomski isplativi zbog malih parcela, tako da je to, pored visokih cijena modernih traktora, jedan od glavnih razloga zašto se u ovim krajevima pretežno upotrebljavaju mali traktori i motokultivatori.

Poznati prozvodjači traktora su: Fendt, John Deere, Steyer, NewHolland itd.

Reference

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