Jean Baptiste Perrin

Jean Baptiste Perrin
Rođenje30. septembar 1870.
Lille, Francuska
Smrt17. april 1942.
New York, New York, SAD
DržavljanstvoFrancusko
Poljefizika
InstitucijaÉcole normale supérieure
Univerzitet u Parizu
Alma materÉcole normale supérieure
Poznat(a) poPriroda katodnih zraka
Brownovo kretanje
Istaknute nagradeNobelova nagrada za fiziku 1926.

Jean Baptiste Perrin (Lille, 30. septembar 1870. - New York, 17. april 1942.), francuski fizičar i hemičar, i dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za fiziku 1926. godine[1].

Biografija

Rane godine

Rođen je u Lilleu, a u Parizu je pohađao École normale supérieure, elitnu grande école. Postao je asistent u školi u periodu od 1894. do 1897. tokom kojeg je počeo izučavati katodne i X-zrake. Godine 1897. dodijeljen mu je stepen doktora nauka (docteur ès sciences). Iste je godine imenovan predavačem fizikalne hemije na Sorboni u Parizu. Profesor na univerzitetu je postao 1910. godine, držeći tu poziciju sve do njemačke okupacije Francuske tokom Drugog svjetskog rata.

Istraživanje

Godine 1895. je utvrdio da su katodni zraci građeni od negativno naelektrisanih čestica. Izračunao je Avogadrov broj pomoću nekoliko metoda. te je objasnio solarnu energiju termonukelarnim reakcijama vodika.

Nakon što je Albert Einstein 1905. godine objavio svoja teoretska objašnjenja Brownovog kretanje u uslovima atoma, Perrin je napravio eksperimentalno istraživanje kako bi testirao i potvrdio Einsteinova predviđanja, te je time smirio stogodišnje osporavanje Daltonove atomske teorije.

Jean Perrin je primio Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku 1926. godine "za rad na diskontinuiranoj strukturi materije, a naročito za otkriće sedimentacijske ravnoteže". Time je jasno okončana duga borba vezana za fizičko postojanje molekula.

Perrin je autor mnogobrojnih knjiga i naučnih radova. Neke od njegovih najznačajnijih publikacija su:

  • Rayons cathodiques et rayons X
  • Les Principes
  • Electrisation de contact
  • Réalité moléculaire
  • Matière et Lumière
  • Lumière et Reaction chimique

Privatni život

Perrin je bio oficir u inženjerijskim jedinicama tokom Prvog svjetskog rata. Kada su Nijemci, 1940. godine, provalili u Francusku, pobjegao je u SAD gdje je, 1942. godine preminuo u New Yorku. Nakon rata, 1948. godine, njegovi su posmrtni ostaci prenijeti u Francusku, gdje su u Panthéonu sahranjeni.

Reference

  1. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926".

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