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Idiopatska bolest

Jedan od rimjera idiopatske bolesti je idiopatska plućna fibroza.

Idiopatska bolest je svaka bolest nepoznatog uzroka ili mehanizma očiglednog spontanog porijekla.[1] Od grčkog ἴδιος – idios = svoj + πάθος – patos = patnja, idiopatija znači otprilike bolest svoje vrste. Za neka medicinska stanja, jedan ili više uzroka je donekle razumljivo, ali kod određenog procenta ljudi sa ovim stanjem uzrok možda neće biti lahko očigledan ili okarakteriran. U ovim slučajevima se kaže da je porijeklo stanja idiopatsko. Kod nekih drugih medicinskih stanja, osnovni uzrok velikog procenta svih slučajeva nije utvrđen—naprimjer, fokusna segmentna glomeruloskleroza ili ankilozantni spondilitis; većina ovih slučajeva smatra se idiopatskim.[2]

Medicinski napredak i ovaj termin

Napredak u medicinskoj nauci poboljšava razumevanje uzroka bolesti i klasifikaciju bolesti; stoga, u pogledu bilo kojeg određenog stanja ili bolesti, kako se otkriva više osnovnih uzroka i kako se otkrivaju događaji koji su izgledali spontano, postotak slučajeva označenih kao idiopatski opada.

Upotreba sinonima

Riječ esencijalna ponekad je sinonim idiopatska (kao u esencijalna hipertenzija, esencijalna trombocitemija i esencijalni tremor) i isto važi i za primarni (kao u primarni bilijarni kolangitis, ili primarna amenoreja), s tim da se potonji termin koristi u takvim slučajevima za kontrast sa sekundarno u značenju sekundarno u odnosu na [tj. uzrokovano] nekim drugim stanjem. Drugi, manje uobičajeni sinonim je agnogeni (agno- = nepoznato + -geno = uzrok + -no).

Riječ kriptogena (kripto- = skrivena + -gen = uzrok + -no) ima smisao koji je sinonim za idiopatski[3] i osećaj koji je u suprotnosti sa njim. Neke klasifikacije bolesti preferiraju upotrebu sinonimnog izraza kriptogena bolest kao kod kriptogenog moždanog udara,[4] i neki oblici epilepsije. Upotreba kriptogeno je također ponekad rezervirana za slučajeve u kojima se pretpostavlja da je uzrok jednostavan i da će biti pronađen u budućnosti.

Neka urođena stanja su idiopatska, a ponekad se riječ urođeno koristi kao sinonim za idiopatsko; ali pažljiva upotreba radije rezerviše reč „urođeno“ za stanja na koja se odnosi doslovno značenje riječi (to jest, ona čija patofiziologija postoji od neonatusnog perioda).

Sindrom bez imena

Termin sindrom bez imena (SWAN)' koristi se "kada se vjeruje da dijete ili mlada odrasla osoba ima genetičko stanje, a testiranje nije uspjelo identificirati njegov genetički uzrok". Vjeruje se da "oko polovina (50%) djece sa smetnjama u učenju i približno 60% djece sa urođenim smetnjama (smetnje koje su očigledne od rođenja) nemaju konačnu dijagnozu koja bi objasnila uzrok njihovih poteškoća".[5][6]

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ "Idiopathic". Concise Medical Dictionary (8th izd.). 2010. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199557141.001.0001. ISBN 9780199557141. Pristupljeno 18. 1. 2014.
  2. ^ Daskalakis N, Winn M (2006). "Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis". Cell Mol Life Sci. 63 (21): 2506–11. doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6171-y. PMID 16952054. S2CID 11321176.
  3. ^ "cryptogenic". Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Elsevier. Arhivirano s originala, 11. 1. 2014. Pristupljeno 25. 10. 2022.
  4. ^ Ahmad, Y; Howard, JP; Arnold, A; Shin, MS; Cook, C; Petraco, R; Demir, O; Williams, L; Iglesias, JF; Sutaria, N; Malik, I; Davies, J; Mayet, J; Francis, D; Sen, S (24. 3. 2018). "Patent foramen ovale closure vs. medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". European Heart Journal. 39 (18): 1638–1649. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy121. PMC 5946888. PMID 29590333.
  5. ^ "What does SWAN or being undiagnosed mean?". Genetic Alliance UK. 22. 3. 2017. Pristupljeno 16. 4. 2019.
  6. ^ "Syndromes without a name (SWAN)". Raising Children Network (Australia). 10. 1. 2017. Pristupljeno 16. 4. 2019.

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