স্যার এডওয়ার্ড রিচার্ড জর্জ হিথ কেজি এমবিই (Edward Richard George Heath; ৯ জুলাই, ১৯১৬ – ১৭ জুলাই, ২০০৫) ছিলেন একজন ব্রিটিশ রাজনীতিবিদ। তিনি ১৯৭০ থেকে ১৯৭৪ সাল পর্যন্ত যুক্তরাজ্যের প্রধানমন্ত্রী ছিলেন। তিনি ১৯৬৫ থেকে ১৯৭৫ সাল পর্যন্ত কন্সারভেটিভ (রক্ষনশীল) পার্টির প্রাক্তন নেতা ছিলেন।
জীবনী
এডওয়ার্ড হিথ ১৯১৬ সালের ৯ই জুলাই কেন্টের ব্রডস্টেয়ারের ৫৪ আলবিয়ন রোডে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। ছেলেবেলায় তার ডাকনাম ছিল টেডি। তার পিতা উইলিয়াম জর্জ হিথ (১৮৮৮-১৯৭৬) ছিলেন একজন কাঠমিস্ত্রী এবং মাতা এডিথ অ্যান হিথ (জন্ম: প্যান্টনি, ১৮৮৮-১৯৫১) ছিলেন একজন গৃহপরিচারিকা। পরবর্তীতে তার পিতা সফল ক্ষুদ্র ব্যবসায়ী ছিলেন। হিথ র্যামসগেটের চ্যাটাম হাউজ গ্রামার স্কুলে পড়াশুনা করেন। ১৯৩৫ সালে কাউন্টি বৃত্তি পেয়ে তিনি বালিওল কলেজে ভর্তি হন।[১]
Campbell, John. Edward Heath: A Biography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1993.
Garnett, Mark. "Edward Heath, 1965–70 and 1974–75" in Leaders of the opposition: from Churchill to Cameron ed. by Timothy Heppell. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), pp. 80–96.
Hennessey, Peter. The Prime Minister: The Office and Its Holders Since 1945 (2001) pp. 331–356.
Ball, Stuart, and Anthony Seldon, eds. The Heath Government: 1970–1974: A Reappraisal (London: Longman, 1996) 423pp.
Beckett, Andy. When The Lights Went Out: What Really Happened to Britain in the Seventies (2010)
Blake, Robert. The Conservative Party from Peel to Major (Faber & Faber, 2012) pp. 299–220.
Butler, David E. et al. The British General Election of 1970 (1971)
Butler, David E. et al. The British General Election of February 1974 (1975)
Butler, David E. et al. The British General Election of October 1974 (1975)
Cowley, Philip; Bailey, Matthew. "Peasants' Uprising or Religious War? Re-examining the 1975 Conservative Leadership Contest," British Journal of Political Science (2000) 30#4 pp. 599–630 in JSTOR
Dunton, Mark. "Probing the 1970s: A Case Study: Inflation, Public Relations, and the Heath Administration, 1972." Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association 38.126 (2013): 28–39.
Foster, John. "Upper Clyde Shipbuilders 1971–2 and Edward Heath's U-turn: How a united workforce defeated a divided government." Mariner's Mirror 102#1 (2016): 34–48.
Heppell, Timothy. Choosing the Tory Leader: Conservative Party Leadership Elections from Heath to Cameron (IB Tauris, 2007).
Heppell, Timothy, and Michael Hill. "Prime ministerial powers of patronage: ministerial appointments and dismissals under Edward Heath." Contemporary British History 29.4 (2015): 464–485.
Holmes, Martin. Political pressure and economic policy: British government 1970–1974 (1982) excerpt.
Hughes, Rosaleen Anne. টেমপ্লেট:"'Governing in hard times': the Heath government and civil emergencies–the 1972 and the 1974 miners' strikes." (Dissertation, Queen Mary University of London; 2012) online.
Hurd, Douglas. An end to promises: sketch of a government, 1970–1974 (1976)
Lockwood, Charles. "'Action Not Words': The Conservative Party, Public Opinion and 'Scientific' Politics, c. 1945–70." Twentieth Century British History 31.3 (2020): 360–386.
Moore, Charles. Margaret Thatcher: From Grantham to the Falklands (2013)
Pearce, Robert. "Bad Blood: Powell, Heath and the Tory party." History Today (April 2008), 58#4 pp. 33–39.
Pentland, Gordon. "Edward Heath, the Declaration of Perth and the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party, 1966–70." Twentieth Century British History 26#2 (2015): 249–273.
Ramsden, J. The winds of change: Macmillan to Heath, 1957–1975 (1996), Volume 5 of the History of the Conservative Party.
Roe-Crines, Andrew S., and Timothy Heppell, eds. Policies and Politics Under Prime Minister Edward Heath (2020) excerpt
Sandbrook, Dominic. State of Emergency The Way We Were Britain 1970–1974 (2010) 755pp
Smith, Jeremy. "'Walking a Real Tight-rope of Difficulties': Sir Edward Heath and the Search for Stability in Northern Ireland, June 1970 – March 1971," Twentieth Century British History (2007) 18#2 pp. 219–253.
Turner, Alwyn W. Crisis? What Crisis?: Britain in the 1970s (2009), how the popular culture handled political issues
Young, Hugo and Goodman, Geoffrey. "The Trade Unions and the Fall of the Heath Government," Contemporary Record (1988) 1#4 pp. 36–46.
Foreign and defence policy
Benvenuti, Andrea. "The Heath Government and British Defence Policy in Southeast Asia at the End of Empire (1970–71)," Twentieth Century British History 20#1 (2009), 53–73.
Brummer, Justin Adam. "Anglo-American relations and the EC enlargement, 1969–1974' (PhD dissertation, University College London, 2012) online
Hamai, Yumiko. "'Imperial Burden' or 'Jews of Africa'?: An Analysis of Political and Media Discourse in the Ugandan Asian Crisis (1972)." Twentieth Century British History 22.3 (2011): 415–436.
Hughes, R. Gerald, and Thomas Robb. "Kissinger and the Diplomacy of Coercive Linkage in the 'Special Relationship' between the United States and Great Britain, 1969–1977." Diplomatic History' 37.4 (2013): 861–905.
Hynes, Catherine. The Year That Never Was: Heath, the Nixon Administration, and the Year of Europe (University College Dublin Press, 2009).
Jeffrey, Samuel Robert. "A Most Divisive Year: The Year of Europe and the Special Relationship in 1973" (Thesis, Vanderbilt University History Dept., 2016) online bibliography pp. 133–146.
Langlois, Laëtitia. "Edward Heath and the Europeanisation of Englishness: The Hopes and Failures of a European English Leader," in Englishness revisited ed. by Floriane Reviron-Piégay. (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2009), pp. 174–88
Leonard, Dick. "Edward Heath—Cheerleader for Europe." in Leonard, A Century of Premiers (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005). 263–281.
Lord, Christopher. British Entry to the European Community under the Heath Government, 1970–74 (1993) p. 194
Mockli, Daniel. European foreign policy during the Cold War: Heath, Brandt, Pompidou and the dream of political unity (IB Tauris, 2008).
Novak, Andrew. "Averting an African Boycott: British Prime Minister Edward Heath and Rhodesian Participation in the Munich Olympics," Britain and the World (2013) 6#1 pp. 27–47 DOI:10.3366/brw.2013.0076
Parr, Helen. "The British Decision to Upgrade Polaris, 1970–4," Contemporary European History (2013) 22#2 pp. 253–274.
Parr, Helen. "'The Nuclear Myth': Edward Heath, Europe, and the International Politics of Anglo-French Nuclear Co-Operation 1970–3." International History Review 35#3 (2013): 534–555.
Patterson, Henry. "The border security problem and Anglo-Irish relations 1970–1973." Contemporary British History 26.2 (2012): 231–251.
Robb, Thomas. "Antelope, Poseidon or a Hybrid: The Upgrading of the British Strategic Nuclear Deterrent, 1970–1974." Journal of Strategic Studies (2010) 33#6 pp. 797–817
Robb, Thomas. "The Power of Oil: Edward Heath, the 'Year of Europe' and the Anglo-American 'Special Relationship'", Contemporary British History (2012) 26#1 pp. 73–96. on 1974
Rossbach, Niklas H. Heath, Nixon and the Rebirth of the Special Relationship: Britain, the US and the EC, 1969–74 (2009) excerpt and text search
Scott, Andrew. Allies apart: Heath, Nixon and the Anglo-American relationship (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011) 272 pp
Smith, Simon C. "Coming Down on the Winning Side: Britain and the South Asia Crisis, 1971." Contemporary British History 24.4 (2010): 451–470.
Spelling, Alex. "Edward Heath and Anglo-American Relations 1970–1974: A Reappraisal," Diplomacy & Statecraft (2009) 20, Number 4, pp. 638–658.
Spelling, Alex. "'Recrimination and reconciliation': Anglo-American relations and the Yom Kippur War." Cold War History 13.4 (2013): 485–506.
Stoddart, Kristan. "The Heath Government, France, and the Not So Special Relationship, 1970–1974." in Stoddart, The Sword and the Shield: Britain, America, NATO and Nuclear Weapons, 1970–1976 (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014) pp. 11–42.
Historiography
Holmes, Martin. The Failure of the Heath Government (2nd ed. 1997) excerpt and text search pp. ix–xx.
Ziegler, Philip। "Charles Moore reviews 'Edward Heath'"। The Daily Telegraph। London। ১১ জানুয়ারি ২০২২ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৯ ডিসেম্বর ২০১৪।উদ্ধৃতি টেমপ্লেট ইংরেজি প্যারামিটার ব্যবহার করেছে (link)
