Ятова граница

Ятовата граница: изоглоса на изговор дедобел (на запад) и дядобял (на изток)

Ятовата граница е една от най-важните изоглоси в българския език, въз основа на която българските диалекти се разделят на два вида: западни български говори и източни български говори. В западните диалекти на мястото на старобългарската гласна ят (Ѣ) днес винаги има звук е (например [бел], [бѐли]), а в източните говори при определени условия (в някои диалекти дори винаги) ятът е наследен от гласната а, предхождан от мека съгласна (напр. [б'ал], [бѐли]; или [б'ал], [б'али]).[1][2]

Никоя друга от главните фонетични изоглоси не разделя българските диалекти по толкова прегледен начин. Успоредно на ятовата граница, обикновено от западната ѝ страна, вървят и много други изоглоси. Този сноп от изоглоси е също част от границата между западните и източните говори. Ето някои двойки думи, очертаващи изоглоси, близки до ятовата граница (първата дума е на запад от ятовата граница, а втората — на изток):

поляни — полени;
пияни — пиени;
ние береме — ние берем;
яяз — аз;
он — той;
жежок — горещ;
крап — къс;
разбой — стан.

На север ятовата граница започва от устието на река Вит, минава през Никополско, на изток от Плевен и Луковит и на запад от Ловеч, Пирдоп и Панагюрище. След това тя преминава през Ихтиманско, Пазарджишко, Разложко, Гоцеделчевско, Петричко и Солунско.

Бележки

  1. Антонова-Василева, Лучия. Диалектно членение на българския език // bgslo.ibl.bas.bg. bgslo.ibl.bas.bg, 2015. с. 1-2. Посетен на 25 септември 2015.
  2. Енциклопедия „Пирински край“, том II. Благоевград, Редакция „Енциклопедия“, 1999. ISBN 954-90006-2-1. с. 459.

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