Обикновен фалус

Обикновен фалус
Класификация
царство:Гъби (Fungi)
отдел:Базидиеви гъби (Basidiomycota)
клас:Агарикални гъби (Agaricomycetes)
разред:Phallales
семейство:Phallaceae
род:Фалус (Phallus)
вид:Обикновен фалус (P. impudicus)
Научно наименование
Linnaeus, 1753
Синоними
  • Phallus impudicus var. togatus Costantin & L.M.Dufour, 1895
  • Hymenophallus togatus Kalchbr., 1884
  • Phallus foetidus Sowerby, 1801
  • Phallus mauritianus Lloyd, 1910
  • Phallus impudicus var. americanus Ulbr., 1932
  • Phallus impudicus var. imperialis Ulbr., 1932
  • Kirchbaumia imperialis Schulzer, 1866
  • Phallus impudicus var. obliteratus Kreisel, 1996
  • Dictyophora duplicata var. obliterata Malençon, 1957
  • Phallus impudicus var. pseudoduplicatus O.Andersson, 1989
  • Phallus impudicus var. subindusiatus Lécuru, 2010
  • Phallus impudicus f. subindusiatus Pilát, 1958
  • Phallus impudicus var. vulgaris Ulbr., 1932
Обикновен фалус в Общомедия
[ редактиране ]

Обикновеният фалус, наричан също смрадлива гъба или дервишка[1] (Phallus impudicus), е вид ядлива базидиева гъба от семейство Phallaceae.

Описание

Плодното тяло първоначално има яйцевидна форма и достига широчина 6 cm. Има външна кожеста бяла или белезникава обвивка, под която се намират желатинозен слой и вътрешна ципеста обвивка, обгръщаща бяло конусовидно образувание. От него при съзряването се развива бяла гъбеста структура подобна на пънче, която разкъсва обвивките и издига на височина 10 – 20 cm звънчевидна набръчкана главичка. Тя отначало е бяла, а по-късно се покрива с лепкава тъмномаслинена и неприятно миришеща течност, съдържаща спорите. Цялата структура напомня мъжки полов орган, откъдето идва и родовото наименование на гъбата. Гъбата се счита за ядлива, докато плодните ѝ тела са в яйцевидна фаза. Интересен факт е, че цветът и миризмата на гъбата са приспособление за разпространяване на спорите. Имитирайки гнило месо, фалусът привлича различни насекоми, които след това разнасят споровата течност.[1][2]

Местообитание

Среща се през юни – ноември поединично или на малобройни групи върху почва в широколистни и по-рядко в иглолистни гори.[2]

Източници

  1. ↑ а б Обикновен фалус « Сайт за гъбите в България
  2. ↑ а б Асьов, Борис. Фотоатлас на ядливи и отровни гъби. Враца, Уникарт, 2014. ISBN 978-954-2953-36-4. с. 102.
Нормативен контролРедактиране в Уикиданни

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