Австронезийски езици

Австронезийски езици
схема на разпространението на австронезийските езици
РазпространениеЮгоизточна Азия, Тайван, Мадагаскар, Океания
Говорени от460 000 000 души
Систематизация по Ethnologue виж
Австронезийски езици в Общомедия

Австронезийските езици са езиково семейство, широко разпространено сред островите в Югоизточна Азия и Тихия океан, Мадагаскар и Тайван. Хавайският, таитянският и малгашкият език (използван в Мадагаскар) очертават географски австронезийската фамилия езици. Австронезийският се дели на дузина подсемейства, от които всички с изключение на един се срещат само в Тайван и близките до него острови (формозанските езици не са свързани с китайския). Всички австронезийски езици извън Тайван принадлежат към малайско-полинезийския клон (понякога наричани екстраформозански езици).

Австронезийското езиково семейство е едно от най-големите в света както по брой на езиците (1268 според справочника „Етнолог“), така и по големина на географското пространство, върху което се разпростира — от Мадагаскар до Великденските острови).

Името австронезийски идва от латинското auster („юг“ или „южен вятър“) и гръцкото nêsos („остров“).

Предполага се че езикът се заражда в източен до югоизточен Китай, след което се прехвърля в Тайван, където се намират най-големите различия в езиците от семейството. Никой от първоначалните континентални езици не се запазва (но някои са пренесени обратно по-късно).

Структура

Австронезийските езици често използват повторения на думи или части от думи (като уики-уики) и също както много от източните и югоизточните азиатски езици имат ограничено количество фонеми и срички предимно от вида съгласна-гласна.

Основни езици

Родни езици

Официални езици

Външни препратки

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