Субтрапічны лес

Карта субтрапічных лясоў

Субтрапічны лес (Subtropical evergreen forest) — лес, распаўсюджаны ў субтрапічных паясах.

Падпадзяляюцца на падзоны гемігілей, мусонных змешаных лясоў і міжземнаморскіх летнясухіх лясоў і хмызнякоў.

У субтрапічных лясах Міжземнамор’я пераважаюць зараснікі жорсткалістяныx вечназялёных хмызнякоў і невысокіх дрэў. Дрэвы стаяць рэдка, а паміж імі буйна развіваюцца розныя травы і хмызнякі. Тут растуць ядлоўцы, высакародны лаўр, сунічнае дрэва, якое штогод скідае кару, дзікія масліны, пяшчотны мірт, ружы.[1]) Субтрапічны клімат Міжземнамор’я — сухі, ападкі ў выглядзе дажджу выпадаюць зімой, нават слабыя маразы здараюцца вельмі рэдка, лета засушлівае і спякотнае.

Мусонныя змешаныя лясы развіваюцца ва ўмовах цёплага клімату з выразным чаргаваннем сухога зімовага і вільготнага гадовага сезонаў.

Гемігілей распаўсюджаныя ў раёнах з залішнім увільгатненнем на працягу ўсяго года (паўднёвы ўсход ЗША, поўдзень Бразільскага пласкагор’я, паўднёвы ўсход Афрыкі, Паўночны востраў Новай Зеландыі) [2] субтропікаў на ўсходніх ускраінах мацерыкоў характарызуюцца больш вільготным кліматам. Атмасферныя ападкі выпадаюць нераўнамерна, але дажджоў бывае больш летам. Гэта значыць у той час, калі расліннасць асабліва мае патрэбу ў вільгаці. Тут пераважаюць густыя вільготныя лясы з вечназялёных дубоў, магнолій, камфоравага лаўра. Шматлікія ліяны, зараснікі высокіх бамбукаў і розныя хмызнякі ўзмацняюць своеасаблівасць вільготнага субтрапічнага лесу.

Ад вільготных трапічных лясоў субтрапічны лес адрозніваецца меншай краявіднай разнастайнасцю, памяншэннем колькасці эпіфітаў і ліян, а таксама з’яўленнем у дрэвастою іглічнай, дрэвападобнай папараці.

Гл. таксама

Зноскі

  1. ↑ Жестколистные леса — БСЭ — Яндекс.Словари(недаступная спасылка). Архівавана з першакрыніцы 7 жніўня 2014. Праверана 17 сакавіка 2013.
  2. ↑ Лесные зоны субтропических поясов — БСЭ — Яндекс.Словари(недаступная спасылка). Архівавана з першакрыніцы 6 жніўня 2014. Праверана 17 сакавіка 2013.

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