Копцкая мова

Копцкая мова
Саманазва Ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ /met-remenkʰīmi/
Краіны Рымскі, Візантыйскі і Арабскі Егіпет
Арганізацыя, якая рэгулюе Institute of Coptology[d]
Агульная колькасць носьбітаў
  • 0 чал. (2021)
Статус мёртвая, у нашы дні як мова набажэнства
Вымерла XVII ст., у копцкай царквы выкарыстоўваецца па нашы дні
Класіфікацыя
Катэгорыя Мовы Афрыкі

Афразійская макрасям'я

Егіпецкая сям'я
Пісьменнасць копцкі алфавіт
Моўныя коды
ДАСТ 7.75–97 коп 328
ISO 639-1
ISO 639-2 cop
ISO 639-3 cop
WALS cop
Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger 8
Ethnologue cop
Linguasphere 11-A
IETF cop
Glottolog copt1239
Вікіпедыя на гэтай мове
Надпіс на копцкай і арабскай мовах у Каіры

Ко́пцкая мо́ва — мова коптаў, апошняя прадстаўніца егіпецкай сям'і, якая ўваходзіць у афразійскую макрасям'ю. З'яўляецца апошняй прыступкай развіцця старажытнаегіпецкай мовы, якая ахоплівае прыкладна дзве тысячы гадоў. Выкарыстоўвае уласны алфавіт на аснове грэчаскай сістэмы пісьма. Адну з першых граматык копцкай мовы склаў нямецкі вучоны-езуіт А. Кірхер («Prodromus copticus», 1636).

Гісторыя

Склалася на аснове дэматычнай егіпецкай ў I—II стст. н. э., да 5 ст. суіснавала з апошняй. Запісвалася спачатку дэматычным і грэчаскім пісьмом, на іх аснове к пач. IV ст. склалася копцкая пісьменнасць.

Як пісьмовая мова суіснавала спачатку з грэчаскай, а з VII ст. — з арабскай мовай да XIV ст. Час канчатковага знікнення ў якасці першай мовы невядомы, магчыма, у некаторых сем'ях захоўваецца і зараз.

Выкарыстоўваецца як культавая мова ў копцкім абрадзе. Акрамя таго, з канца XX стагоддзя назіраецца некаторая цікавасць у адраджэнні копцкай мовы як гутарковай сярод копцкіх актывістаў.

Літаратура

  • БЭ ў 18 тамах. Т.8, Мн., 1999, С.414-415
  • Emmel, Stephen. 1992. «Languages (Coptic)». In The Anchor Bible Dictionary, edited by David Noel Freedman. Vol. 4 of 6 vols. New York: Doubleday. 180—188.
  • Gessman, A. M. (1976). "The Birth of the Coptic Script". University of South Florida Language Quarterly 14. 2–3.
  • Gignac, Francis Thomas. 1991. «Old Coptic». In The Coptic Encyclopedia, edited by Aziz Suryal Atiya. Vol. 8 of 8 vols. New York and Toronto: Macmillian Publishing Company and Collier Macmillian Canada. 169—188.
  • Kasser, Radolphe. 1991. «Dialects». In The Coptic Encyclopedia, edited by Aziz Suryal Atiya. Vol. 8 of 8 vols. New York and Toronto: Macmillian Publishing Company and Collier Macmillian Canada. 87—96.
  • Loprieno, Antonio. 1995. Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Polotsky, Hans Jakob. 1971. «Coptic». In Afroasiatic: A Survey, edited by Carleton Taylor Hodge. (Jana Linguarum: Series Practica; 163). 's Gravenhage and Paris: Mouton. 67—79.

Граматыкі

  • Chaîne, Marius. 1933. Éléments de grammaire dialectale copte: bohairique, sahidique, achmimique, fayoumique. Paris: Paul Geuthner.
  • Eberle, Andrea, & Regine Schulz. 2004. Koptisch — Ein Leitfaden durch das Saïdische. LINCOM Languages of the World/Materials 07. Munich: LINCOM Europa.
  • Lambdin, Thomas Oden. 1983. Introduction to Sahidic Coptic. Macon: Mercer University Press.
  • Layton, Bentley. 2000. A Coptic Grammar (Sahidic Dialect): With a Chrestomathy and Glossary. (Porta linguarum orientalium; N.S., 20). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  • Mallon, Alexis. 1956. Grammaire copte: bibliographie, chrestomathie et vocabulaire. 4th edition. Beyrouth.
  • Mattar, Nabil. 1990. A Study in Bohairic Coptic. Pasadena: Hope Publishing House.
  • Polotsky, Hans Jakob. 1987. Grundlagen des koptischen Satzbaus. American Studies in Papyrology 28. Decatur, Ga.: Scholars Press.
  • Plumley, J. Martin. 1948. An Introductory Coptic Grammar (Sahidic Dialect) Архівавана 29 сакавіка 2014.. London: Home & van Thal.
  • Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 1988. Coptic Grammatical Chrestomathy: a course for academic and private study. Orientalia lovaniensia analecta 30. Leuven: Peeters.
  • Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 1986. Coptic Grammatical Categories: Structural Studies in the Syntax of Shenoutean Sahidic. Analecta Orientalia 53. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. ISBN 88-7653-255-2.
  • Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 2007. Topics in Coptic Syntax: Structural Studies in the Bohairic Dialect. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 160. Leuven — Paris — Dudley, MA: Peeters. ISBN 978-90-429-1875-7.
  • Till, Walter C. 1994. Koptische Dialektgrammatik. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter.
  • Vergote, Jozef. 1973—1983. Grammaire copte. Leuven: Peeters.
  • Younan, Sameh. 2005. So, you want to learn Coptic? A guide to Bohairic Grammar. Sydney: St.Mary, St.Bakhomious and St.Shenouda Coptic Orthodox Church.
  • Henry Tattam, A compendious grammar of the Egyptian language as contained in the Coptic, Sahidic, and Bashmuric Dialects (London 1863)

Фаналогія

  • Depuydt, Leo. 1993. «On Coptic Sounds.» Orientalia 62 (new series): 338—375.
  • Loprieno, Antonio. 1997. «Egyptian and Coptic Phonology». In Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), edited by Alan S. Kaye. Vol. 1 of 2 vols. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. 431—460.
  • Peust, Carsten. 1999. Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language. (Monographien zur ägyptischen Sprache; 2). Göttingen: Peust & Gutschmidt.

Слоўнікі

  • Černý, Jaroslav. 1976. Coptic Etymological Dictionary. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Crum, Walter Ewing. 1939. A Coptic Dictionary Архівавана 23 красавіка 2014.. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Wolfgang Kosack: Lehrbuch des Koptischen.Teil I:Koptische Grammatik.Teil II:Koptische Lesestücke, Graz 1974.
  • Wolfgang Kosack: Der koptische Heiligenkalender. Deutsch — Koptisch — Arabisch nach den besten Quellen neu bearbeitet und vollständig herausgegeben mit Index Sanctorum koptischer Heiliger, Index der Namen auf Koptisch, Koptische Patriarchenliste, Geografische Liste. Christoph Brunner, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-9524018-4-2.
  • Wolfgang Kosack: Schenute von Atripe De judicio finale. Papyruskodex 63000.IV im Museo Egizio di Torino. Einleitung, Textbearbeitung und Übersetzung herausgegeben von Wolfgang Kosack. Christoph Brunner, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-9524018-5-9.
  • Wolfgang Kosack: Koptisches Handlexikon des Bohairischen. Koptisch — Deutsch — Arabisch. Verlag Christoph Brunner, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-9524018-9-7.
  • Vycichl, Werner. 1983. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue copte. Leuven: Éditions Peeters.
  • Westendorf, Wolfhart. 1965/1977. Koptisches Handwörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.

Бібліяграфіі

  • Kammerer, Winifred (compiler), A Coptic Bibliography, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1950. (Reprint New York: Kraus Reprint Co., 1969)

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