Бенінская бронза

Дзве тыповыя пласцінкі: левая - ваяр, па баках ад яго — два шчытаносцы

Бенінская бронза — калекцыя з больш чым 1000 латуневых пласцінак з выявамі з каралеўскага палаца каралеўства Бенін. Назва двойчы зманлівая — не толькі з-за матэрыялу, але і таму, што межы сярэднявечнага каралеўства не супадалі з межамі сучасных дзяржаў, і палац знаходзіўся на тэрыторыі сучаснай Нігерыі, а не суседняга Беніна.

Пласцінкі былі захопленыя брытанскімі войскамі падчас бенінскай карнай экспедыцыі 1897 года і перададзены ў Форын Офіс. Каля 200 прадметаў былі пазней перададзены ў Брытанскі музей, астатнія разышліся па прыватных калекцыях.

«Бронзавыя» (гэта значыць латуневыя) вырабы адлюстроўваюць шэраг сцэн, у тым ліку выявы жывёл, рыб, людзей і сцэны прыдворнага жыцця. Выявы адлітыя парамі, хоць кожны выраб вырабляўся індывідуальна. Мяркуецца, што першапачаткова гэтыя латуневыя ўпрыгажэнні былі прымацаваны да сцен і слупоў палаца, пры гэтым некаторыя з іх служылі як навучанні па прыдворнаму пратаколу для гасцей двара.

Бронзавыя вырабы з Нігерыі выклікалі ў Еўропе вялікую цікавасць да афрыканскай культуры. На думку гісторыкаў, яны былі адлітыя ў 13-16 стагоддзях.

Нігерыя, на тэрыторыі якой знаходзілася значная частка Каралеўства Бенін, у 1950-1970-я гады выкупіла ў Брытанскага музея каля 50 прадметаў і пастаянна звяртаецца з просьбай аб вяртанні астатніх.

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