Paridá de poder adquisitivu

La paridá de poder adquisitivu (PPA) ye la suma final de cantidaes de bienes y servicios producíos nun país, al valor monetariu d'un país de referencia.

Paridá de poder adquisitivu (PPA), 2014 Fondu Monetariu Internacional.
Paridá de poder adquisitivu (Purchasing Power Parity o PPP) per cápita nel mundu (2009).
Paridá de poder adquisitivu del Productu Internu Brutu per país en 2003. La economía de los Estaos Xuníos emplégase como referencia, y la so PPA defínese como 100. Bermudes tien l'índiz más altu, 154, lo que significa que los bienes vendíos en Bermudes son 54% más caros que nos Estaos Xuníos.

Ta basáu nuna idea desenrollada per primer vegada por miembros de la escuela monetarista de la Universidá de Salamanca nel sieglu XVI,[1] y foi un sistema de midida qu'empezó a utilizar el Fondu Monetariu Internacional a principios de los años noventa, anque non l'únicu: el PIB Nominal per cápita ye la midida más utilizada pa dase una idea aproximada del tamañu d'una economía.

Cuando quier comparase el productu internu brutu de distintos países ye necesario homoxeneizar la información, yá que cada país mide'l so productu na moneda llocal; pa ello ha traducise'l so PIB a una moneda común, al traviés de los tipos de cambéu. La paridá del poder adquisitivu ye una de les midíes más afayadices pa comparar la producción de bienes y servicios, con ventayes sobre'l productu internu brutu nominal per cápita, yá que toma en cuenta les variaciones de precios. Esti indicador esanicia la ilusión monetaria amestada a la variación de los tipos de cambéu, de tal manera qu'una apreciación o depreciación d'una moneda nun va camudar la paridá de poder adquisitivu d'un país, yá que los habitantes d'esi país reciben los sos salarios y faen les sos compres na mesma moneda. Lo que sí va afectar al PIB PPA ye la cantidá de los bienes y servicios producíos nel mesmu, por cuenta de variaciones nel tipu de cambéu, cuando se trate d'importaciones y esportaciones.

Usualmente, calcúlase una canasta de precios que son asignaos a los distintos bienes y servicios tomando un país como referencia pa los mesmos. El problema xurde cuando hai bienes y servicios que diverxen de los esistentes nel país de referencia, yá seya por inesistencia, calidá o disponibilidá. Ye por ello que, polo xeneral, nes llistes de países por PIB (Nominal y PPA) el valor d'Estaos Xuníos ye idénticu.

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Referencies

  1. Alan M. Taylor y Mark P. Taylor (2004) "The Purchasing Power Parity Debate," NBER Working Paper No. 10607 (online)

Bibliografía

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