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The Bear
The Bear
Opera by William Walton
Librettist	Paul Dehn and William Walton
Language	English
Based on	Play; by Anton Chekhov
Premiere	3 June 1967; Jubilee Hall, Aldeburgh

The Bear is the second of the two operas by William Walton, described in publication as an "Extravaganza in One Act". The libretto was written by Paul Dehn and Walton,^[1] based on the play of the same title by Anton Chekhov (which is also sometimes translated into English as The Boor).

Walton received a commission from the Koussevitzsky Foundation in 1958, and he dedicated the opera "to the memory of Serge and Natalie Koussevitzky". He began composing in 1965 when the Aldeburgh Festival in England requested an opera from him.^[1] The Bear was first performed at the Jubilee Hall, Aldeburgh on 3 June 1967.

The opera is regarded as having "enjoyed more success and popularity than its larger-scale predecessor, Troilus and Cressida [......] because its witty parodies are in the manner of [Walton's 1922] Facade"^[2] and the librettists' ability "to emulate Chekhov's caricatures of the three main characters" are also successful.^[3]

Synopsis

Place: The drawing room of Yelena Ivanovna Popova’s country house

Time: Around 1888

Popova is a widow, remaining faithful to the memory of her late husband, Popov. Her servant, Luka, remarks upon her affected sorrow. Smirnov, one of Popov's creditors, appears. During the course of the story, it becomes clear that Popov was promiscuous and unfaithful to his wife. Smirnov and Popova begin to quarrel, to the point where both aim loaded pistols at each other. However, neither can fire, as they have fallen in love. As the opera ends, Luka looks on in disbelief at the new lovers.

Roles

In contrast with Walton's previous opera Troilus and Cressida, which used a large cast, full orchestra and chorus, The Bear is deliberately minimal in its vocal and instrumental forces. The opera uses 3 singers and a chamber orchestra.

Role	Voice type	Premiere Cast, 3 June 1967 (Conductor: James Lockhart)
Yelena Ivanovna Popova, a widow	mezzo-soprano	Monica Sinclair
Grigory Stepanovich Smirnov, a creditor	baritone	John Shaw
Luka, Popova's servant	bass	Norman Lumsden
The Cook	Brief speaking role
The Groom	Brief speaking role

Instrumentation

Woodwind
- flute (doubling piccolo)
- oboe (doubling English horn)
- clarinet
- bassoon
Brass
Percussion
- timpani, side drum, tenor drum, bass drum, triangle, tambourine, cymbals, suspended cymbal, gong, jingles, 3 wood blocks, whip, rattle, xylophone, vibraphone, tubular bells (in F-sharp and C), crotales, bongos
Keyboard
- piano
Strings
- first violin, second violin, viola, cello, double bass (parts may be doubled^[4])
- harp

Recordings

1967: Monica Sinclair, John Shaw, Norman Lumsden; English Chamber Orchestra; James Lockhart, conductor. Audio CD: EMI Classics, Cat: ?? . Original cast recording.
1982: Daphne Harris, Gregory Yurisich, Noël Mangin; Melbourne Symphony Orchestra; Vanco Cavdarski, conductor (analogue recording) Audio CD: Chandos, Cat: ABR 1052.^[5]
1993: Della Jones, Alan Opie, John Shirley-Quirk; Northern Sinfonia; Richard Hickox, conductor. Audio CD: Chandos, Cat: #9245

Editions

2010: A new edition of the opera was prepared by Michael Burden for the Collected Walton Edition

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b Holden, p. 1050
^ Kennedy, Sadie, Vol. 4, p. 1099
^ Kennedy, Sadie, Vol. 1, p. 361
^ Evans, Peter, "Walton, William, The Bear. Score." Music & Letters, 60(1), 117 (1979) Review.
^ Anderson, Robert, "The Bear", The Musical Times, 123(1676), 699 (1982) Review of the 1982 Chandos recording.

Sources

Holden, Amanda, (ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, Inc., 2001 ISBN 0-14-029312-4
Kennedy, Michael, "Walton, Sir William", in Stanley Sadie, (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. 4. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc. 1998 ISBN 0-333-73432-7 ISBN 1-56159-228-5
Kennedy, Michael, "Bear, The" in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. 1. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc. 1998 ISBN 0-333-73432-7 ISBN 1-56159-228-5