Thalner

Thalner (Thaleshwar)
Dhule district, Maharashtra
Thalner Fort
Thalner (Thaleshwar)
Coordinates	21.255°N 74.955°E / 21.255; 74.955
Site information
Owner	Government of India
Open to the public	Yes
Condition	dilapidated
Site history
Built	1128
Built by	Ahirs, Malik Raja Faruqi
Materials	Stone, lime and lead
Events	Battle of Thalner (1818)
Garrison information
Occupants	Ahirs, Faruqis, Holkars, British

Thalner is an Shirpur Tahsil's Village, the first capital of the Faruqi kings, stands on the banks of the Tapi river, in Shirpur tehsil about 46.67 km. (28 miles) north-east of Dhule in Maharashtra state, India. It was fortified and played a significant role in the history of Khandesh. At the foot of the fort is an old stone temple dedicated to Thaleshwar. The name Thalner probably derived from this temple. The capital was once a significant commercial centre.

Thalner fort

The fort had one side rising out of the Tapi and the three other sides were surrounded by a hollow way, varying in width from 91.44 to 137.16 metres (100 to 150 yards). The walls rose to the height of about 18.28 metres (60 ft.) above this hollow and the interior had the same elevation. The only entrance was on the eastern side, secured by five successive gates communicating by intricate traverses, whose enclosure gradually rose to the height of the main wall. A winding ramp, interspersed in some places with steps, ascended through the gate into the terreplein of the rampart. Great ingenuity had been exercised to make this part as strong as possible, apparently under the idea that the profile of the rest rendered it secure, notwithstanding the absence of a ditch.

Today only a small portion of the walls that were on the river side is standing, the others having collapsed for the most part. Even of this wall one of the bastions was ruined by the great floods of the Tapi which took place in 1876, and a tunnel opened in which a small, well executed idol of Vishnu was found.

Situated on the banks of the Tapi and the foot of the fort is an old stone built temple dedicated to Thaleshwar. Its 1.828 X 1.828 metre vestibule contains a small ling symbol. It is crowned by a 7.62 metre (25 ft.) high shikhar.

History

According to a local grant, in 1128, while the country for 32.18 km (20 miles) around was ' without a light', and twenty-seven of its forts were deserted, Thalner prospered under Javaji and Govaji of the Tale sub-division of Gavali rajas or the Abhira kings.^[1] At that time, Daulatrao, son of Bajirao of Daulatabad came to the people of Khandesh, and finding Thalner flourishing established Javaji's family as headmen of the town.

In 1370, when Firozshah Tughluq (1351–1388) granted Malik Raja Faruqi an estate on the south border of Gujarat, Malik chose Thalner as his headquarters. In 1371, defeated by the Gujarat king, Malik was forced to take refuge in Thalner fort. On his death in 1399 Malik left Thalner to his second son Iftikar Khan. But in 1417 with the aid of the Sultan of Malwa, Nasir Khan, the elder son, wrested it from his brother. In 1498 Thalner was invaded by Mahmud Begada, king of Gujarat, whose army laid waste the district and would not retire till arrears of tribute were paid. In 1511 Mahmud Begada granted Thalner with about one-half of Khandesh to Malik Hissamuddin, a noble of his court. But in the next year, Hissamuddin was murdered and Thalner was restored to Khandesh. In 1566 it was the scene of the defeat of the Khandesh king Miran Muhammad Shah II by Changiz Khan of Gujarat. In 1600, when it passed to Emperor Akbar, Thalner was noticed as being of great strength though in a plain. In 1660 Tavernier mentioned it as one of the places of trade on the Surat and Burhanpur line.

In 1750 it was a strong fort, the centre of thirty-two little governments. Shortly after this, it passed to the Peshwa, and was by him made over to Holkar, who, around 1800, pledged it to the Nimbalkars. It was recovered the following year and kept by the Holkar family until in 1818, under the terms of the Mandesar treaty, it was handed over to the British.

Battle of Thalner, 1818

Sindva was a place with a much greater name for strength in the Khandesh region, but it surrendered to the British at once, hence no resistance was expected at Thalner. However, its capture proved to be one of the bloodiest incidents in the conquest of Khandesh.^{[2][3][4][5][6]}

• 
  Plan of the assault of the fort of Thalner, 27 February 1818
  Kalakriti Archives
• 
  Plan and section elevation of Thalner's gates, 27 February 1818
• 
  Lt Col Murray withstands his adversaries. Artist: William Heath
  British Museum
• 
  Capt M‘Craith drags Lt Col Murray clear of the wicket whilst warding off blows with his sword.
• 
  Tombs of British officers killed in the battle, 2017

Present condition

The fort of Thalner is in a dilapidated condition. Besides the tombs of Major MacGregor and Captain Gordon, the chief objects of interest are ten Muhammedan domed tombs of common country black stone and two of burnt brick. Of the whole number, one is eight cornered and the rest are square. They vary in size from eleven feet by eleven to three and a half feet square. Though more or less damaged outwardly and with the inside part of their domes partly destroyed, they are in good order. The eight-cornered tomb has some Arabic writing, but so worn as to be unreadable.^{[citation needed]}

Tourist attractions

In Thalner there are two temples, one dedicated to Mahadeva and the other to Khandoba's Temple. The Mahadeva temple is located at Tapi riverside, and Khandoba temple is located near the Thalner bus stand.^{[citation needed]}

Notable personalities

Lata Mangeshkar's mother, affectionately called 'Mai', was from Thalner. She was the daughter of Seth Haridas Ramdas Lad, a prosperous businessman of the town.

References

1. Maharashtra (India) (1954). Maharashtra State Gazetteers. Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State. p. 829. In the heyday of the Gavali or Ahir kings- Thalner was at the height of its prosperity and was an important commercial ... twenty-seven of its forts were deserted, Thalner prospered underJavaji and Govaji of the Tale sub-divisiqn of Gavalis or Ahirs
2. Neill, James George Smith (1843). Historical Record of the Honourable East India Company's First Madras European Regiment Containing an Account of the Establishment of Independent Companies in 1645; Their Formation into a Regiment in 1748; and its Subsequent Services to 1842. London: Smith, Elder and Co.
3. Blacker, Valentine (1821). Memoir of the Operations of the British Army in India: During the Mahratta War of 1817, 1818, & 1819. London: Black, Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen. pp. 228–233.
4. Carnaticus (1820). Summary of the Mahratta and Pindarree Campaign During 1817, 1818, and 1819, Under the Direction of the Marquis of Hastings: Chiefly Embracing the Operations of the Army of the Deckan, Under the Command of His Excellency Lieut.-Gen. Sir T. Hislop, Bart. G.C.B. with Some Particulars and Remarks. London: E. Williams.
5. An Eye-Witness (May 1820). "Storm and Fall of Talnair". The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and Its Dependencies. 9 (53). London: Black, Kingsbury, Parbury, & Allen: 448–451.
6. Burton, R G. The Mahratta and Pindari War Compiled for General Staff, India. Simla.

• "Dhulia". The Gazetteers Department of Maharashtra.