A live-action Speed Racer film had been in development hell since 1992, having changed actors and filmmakers until in 2006 when producer Joel Silver and the Wachowskis collaborated to begin production on the film. Speed Racer was shot in and around Potsdam and Berlin from June to August 2007.
Speed Racer premiered on April 26, 2008, at the Nokia Theater in Los Angeles, and was released in the United States on May 9, by Warner Bros. Pictures. Upon initial release, the film received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the action sequences, musical score, cinematography, and performances, but were divided on its heavy use of CGI, and criticized its screenplay and runtime. The film grossed $93.9 million worldwide against a $120 million budget. It was subsequently nominated in multiple categories at the Teen Choice Awards as well as the Golden Raspberry Awards. In subsequent years, Speed Racer has garnered a strong cult following among filmmakers and audiences.
Plot
Speed Racer is a young man who has a passion for automobile racing. His parents Pops and Mom run the independent Racer Motors, in which his brother Spritle and his pet chimp Chim Chim, his mechanic Sparky and his girlfriend Trixie are also involved. As a child, Speed idolized his late record-setting older brother, Rex, who was apparently killed while competing in the Casa Cristo 5000, a deadly cross-country rally race. Now embarking on his own career, Speed is quickly sweeping the racing world with his skill behind the wheel of his brother's Mach 5 and his own T-180 car the Mach 6, although primarily interested in the art of the race and the well-being of his family.
One day, E.P. Arnold Royalton, the CEO of conglomerate Royalton Industries, offers Speed a luxurious lifestyle in exchange for signing to race with him. Though tempted, Speed declines because of his father's distrust of power-hungry corporations. Angered, Royalton reveals that for many years, key races have been fixed by corporate interests, including himself, to gain profits. He then has his drivers force Speed into a crash that horribly damages the Mach 6 and sues Racer Motors for intellectual property infringement. Speed gets an opportunity to retaliate through Inspector Detector, head of an intelligence agency's corporate crimes division. Fellow racer Taejo Togokahn supposedly has evidence that could indict Royalton but will only offer it up if Speed and the notorious masked Racer X agree to race on his team in the upcoming Casa Cristo 5000, which could also substantially raise the stock price of his family's racing business, blocking a Royalton-arranged buyout. Speed accepts but keeps his decision secret from his family, and Detector's team makes several defensive modifications to the Mach 5 to assist Speed in the race.
After they drive together and work naturally as a team, Speed begins suspecting that Racer X is actually Rex in disguise. His family discovers that he has entered the race and agree to support him. With his family and Trixie aiding him, Speed defeats many brutal racers, who were bribed by fixer Cruncher Block to stop him, and overcomes seemingly insurmountable obstacles to win the race, while Detector's team arrests Block. However, Taejo's arrangement is revealed to be a sham, as his true intention was to boost the value of his family's company to benefit from Royalton's buyout. Furious by this revelation, Speed hits the track that he used to drive with his brother, and confronts Racer X with his suspicion that he is Rex. Racer X removes his mask, revealing an unfamiliar face, and tells Speed that Rex is indeed dead, but advises Speed to not let racing change the way he is and figure out his own driving. Speed returns home and plans to leave, but Pops expresses his pride in Speed's actions, and that he was wrong to not let Speed enter the race since his own stubbornness drove Rex away, before finding out about the race-fixing conspiracy. Taejo's sister Horuko unexpectedly arrives and gives him Taejo's rejected automatic invitation to the upcoming Grand Prix. The Racer family bands together and builds a new Mach 6 in 32 hours.
Speed enters the Grand Prix with the help of Inspector Detector against great odds; Royalton has placed a $1,000,000 bounty on his head that the other drivers are eager to collect, and he is pitted against future Hall of Fame driver Jack "Cannonball" Taylor. Speed overcomes a slow start to catch up with Taylor, who uses a cheating device called a spearhook to latch the Mach 6 to his own car. Speed uses his jump jacks to reveal the device to video cameras, causing Taylor to crash and lose. Speed wins the race, having successfully exposed Royalton's crimes. While Racer X watches, a flashbackmontage reveals that he really is Rex, having faked his death, secretly attended his funeral, and undergone plastic surgery to change his appearance as part of his plan to protect Speed and racing. He chooses not to reveal his identity to his family, declaring that he must live with his decision. The Racer family celebrates Speed's victory as Speed and Trixie kiss, Taejo testifies against Royalton and Block, and Royalton is sent to jail for his actions.
Ralph Herforth as Jack "Cannonball" Taylor, a superstar racer, 5-time WRL champion, 2-time Grand Prix winner, and future hall of famer sponsored by Royalton Industries
Scott Porter as Rex Racer, Speed Racer's older brother and idol presumed to have been killed in a race
Yu Nan as Horuko Togokahn, Taejo Togokhan's sister
Nayo K. Wallace as Minx, a scientist and Racer X's girlfriend
Melvil Poupaud as Johnny '"Goodboy'" Jones, a race commentator
Joon Park as Kakkoi Teppodama, a Japanese racer for Musha Motors tasked with taking out Speed at the Grand Prix for a million dollars. He is credited as "Yakuza Driver" in the end credits.
Togo Igawa as Tetsua Togokahn, Taejo and Horuko's father, and a corporate rival to both Royalton and Musha
Chim Chim, Spritle's pet chimpanzee and best friend is portrayed by two chimpanzees: "Kenzie" and "Willy".[4]
Series original English dubbing artists Peter Fernandez and Corinne Orr appear as race announcers. Andres Cantor also makes a cameo as a Spanish language race announcer. Venezuelan professional racer Milka Duno also makes a cameo appearance as Kellie "Gearbox" Kalinkov, a Grand Prix racer who is tasked with eliminating Speed in exchange of collecting a bounty of a million dollars by Royalton.
Production
Development
In September 1992, Joe Pytka announced that Warner Bros. held the option to create a live-action film adaptation of the 1960s Japanese anime and manga series Speed Racer, in development at Silver Pictures.[5] In October 1994, singer Henry Rollins was offered the role of Racer X.[6] In June 1995, Johnny Depp was cast into the lead role for Speed Racer, with production slated to begin the coming October,[7] with filming to take place in California and Arizona.[8] The following August, Depp requested time off to the studio for personal business, delaying production.[9] However, due to an overly high budget,[10] the same August, director Julien Temple left the project. Depp, without a director, also departed from the project. The studio considered director Gus Van Sant as a replacement for Temple,[11] though it would not grant writing privileges to Van Sant.[12] In December 1997, the studio briefly hired Alfonso Cuarón as director.[13] In the various incarnations of the project, screenwriters Marc Levin, Jennifer Flackett, J. J. Abrams, and Patrick Read Johnson had been hired to write scripts.[14]
In September 2000, Warner Bros. and producer Lauren Shuler Donner hired music video director Hype Williams to take the helm of the project.[15] In October 2001, the studio hired screenwriters Christian Gudegast and Paul Scheuring for $1.2 million split between them to write a script for the film.[14] Eventually, without production getting under way, the director and the writers left the project. In June 2004, Vince Vaughn spearheaded a revival of the project by presenting a take for the film that would develop the characters more strongly. Vaughn was cast as Racer X and was also attached to the project as an executive producer.[10] With production never becoming active, Vaughn was eventually detached from the project.[16]
Pre-production
When directing Speed Racer, the Wachowskis took inspiration from avant-garde literature and pop art. Lana (pictured in 2012) described the film as an "assault [on] every single modern aesthetic".[17]
In October 2006, the Wachowskis were brought on board by the studio to write and direct the film. Producer Joel Silver, who had collaborated with the Wachowskis for V for Vendetta and The Matrix Trilogy, explained that they were hoping to reach a broader audience with a film that would not be rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America. Visual effects designer John Gaeta, who won an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for the Wachowskis' The Matrix, was brought in to help conceive making Speed Racer into a live-action adaptation. Production was set to begin in summer 2007 in European locations for a summer 2008 release.[18] In November 2006, the release date for it was set for May 23, 2008.[19]
Producer Joel Silver described Speed Racer as a family film in line with the Wachowskis' goal to reach a wider audience.[20] However, contrary to the apparent mainstream appeal of the project, the directors decided to take the source material in an avant-garde direction, declaring: "Okay, we are going to assault every single modern aesthetic with this film."[17] According to Lana, representatives of Warner Bros. were initially "gleeful" that the directors chose to take on "a known entity that seemed like a family movie for kids," but when executives reviewed the work-in-progress, "they were like, 'Oh my god. Are you insane? What are you doing? This is the weirdest thing I've ever seen.' And we're like, 'Yes, that's the reason we're making it.'"[21] For the Wachowskis, the project presented a unique opportunity to experiment with techniques of postmodernist cinema, as they believed the film's younger target audience would be more receptive to radical experimentalism than adults. In a 2012 interview, Lana said:
The whole impetus for Speed Racer came out of the fact that we are visually-thinking people. We go to art galleries and art museums all the time. We go into the Art Institute [of Chicago] and every room there, there are paintings that look completely and utterly different from the other rooms. But in cinema, everything looks the same. And it's a really aggressive straight-jacket, aesthetically. We started talking about cubism, for instance, and we started talking about could you make a cubist film? And we realized that if you try to make a cubist film for adults, you will end up like Picasso, running from the angry mob when he first showed Guernica. They wanted to kill him. Literally. It's because adults... they reject change, and an aesthetic change is too aggressive a death for them. Every generation experiences aesthetic death, and when you really assault an aesthetic, people freak out. But we said that kids are okay with aesthetic change.[17]
While planning out the film's pace and structure, the siblings embraced techniques of nonlinear narrative—such as stream-of-consciousness storytelling—from modernist novels like Ulysses (1922) by James Joyce and Purple America (1997) by Rick Moody, seeking to play with the conventions of cinematic language as those authors had done with prose. They deemphasized traditional cuts in favor of more fluid transitions, with the intention that scenes would "feel like this experiential flowing thing that was transcending normal simple linear narrative."[17] The film's bright, colorful, smooth look is indebted to pop art, including paintings by Roy Lichtenstein[21] and art photography by Andy Warhol, David LaChapelle, and Jill Greenberg.[22] To achieve the desired visual aesthetic, Gaeta and effects supervisor Dan Glass developed a method of layering photographic and computer-generated imagery that they described as "poptimistic photo-anime", taking inspiration from animated films like The Castle of Cagliostro (1979), Tron (1982), Akira (1988), and Tarzan (1999).[22]
The Mach Five (shown on display at the 2007 Comic-Con International), although a fully-functioning automobile, was hung from a crane for the film's sequences and had its motoring effects computer-generated.[28]
In February 2007, the Wachowskis selected Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam, Germany to film.[29] In the following March, Warner Bros. moved the release date two weeks earlier to May 9, 2008.[30] The studio received a grant of $12.3 million from Germany's new Federal Film Fund, the largest yet from the organization, for its production in the Berlin-Brandenburg region.[31] The amount was later increased to $13 million.[32]Principal photography commenced on June 5, 2007, in Berlin,[20] and was shot entirely against greenscreen,[33] lasting 60 days.[4] The Wachowskis filmed in high-definition video for the first time.[34] With the camera, the Wachowskis used a layering approach that would put both the foreground and the background in focus to give it the appearance of real-life anime.[35] The film has a "retro future" look, according to Silver.[28] Filming concluded on August 25, 2007.[36]
In 2007, the Wachowskis purchased the rights to the sound effects and theme song of the television series for use in the film.[35] The film's soundtrack was composed by Michael Giacchino, performed by Hollywood Studio Symphony and released by Varèse Sarabande.[37][38] It was used along with orchestral score; Warner Bros. added an updated version of the "Go Speed Racer Go" theme song, which plays during the end credits, and was produced by Ali Dee Theodore and Jason Gleed, and performed by Ali Dee and the Deekompressors.[38]Razor & Tie released this version as an extended play on January 1, 2008, to promote the film's release, and as a single released along with film's soundtrack on May 6, 2008.[38][39][40]
Animal cruelty incident
During its production, animal rights group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) made allegations of animal cruelty against the film, reporting that one of the two chimpanzees used in the production was allegedly beaten after biting a child actor.[41] The incident was confirmed by the American Humane Association (AHA) Animal Safety Representative on the set, who reported that the stand-in for the Spritle character portrayed by Litt had been bitten without provocation. The AHA representative also reported that "toward the end of filming, during a training session in the presence of the American Humane Representative, the trainer, in an uncontrolled impulse, hit the chimpanzee." The AHA Film Unit referred to this abuse as "completely inexcusable and unacceptable behavior in the use of any animal." The AHA placed Speed Racer on their "Unacceptable" list chiefly because of this incident and a separate case where five piranhas died of unexplained causes, with AHA noting "the aforementioned training incident tarnishes the excellent work of the rest of production" and that it "has no method of separating the actions of one individual in the employ of a production from the production as a whole."[42]
Release
Marketing
The Los Angeles Times estimated that nearly 5,000 Speed Racer film-related products were licensed by Warner Bros.[43] The film was backed by multiple promotional partners with over $80 million in marketing support. The partners include General Mills, McDonald's, Target, Topps, Esurance, Mattel, Lego and Petrobras. The film also received support from companies outside of America in an attempt to attract international audiences. With early support before the film's release, the studio provided 3D computer models of the Speed Racer vehicle Mach 5 to the companies so they could accurately render the vehicle in their merchandise.[44]
Warner Home Video released Speed Racer on DVD and Blu-ray on September 16, 2008. The three-disc set features the main feature and supplemental features on the first disc, the DVD game "Speed Racer Crucible Challenge" on the second disc, and a digital copy of the film on the third disc—the last two being exclusive to the Blu-ray release.[51][52] The U.S. DVD sales reached $6,268,301 and 390,191 copies in the first week, with consumer spending of $14,277,546 and 900,361 copies sold by 2013,[53] and $23 million grossed as of 2018.[54] The Blu-ray version was re-released on May 18, 2010.[55]
Reception
Box office
Speed Racer’s world premiere took place on April 26, 2008 during a Nokia Theater Special Screening event in Los Angeles, where 4,000 people attended.[56][57] It was released in regular theaters on May 9, 2008, grossing $18,561,337 in its opening weekend from around 6,700 screens at 3,606 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking third at the box office behind Iron Man and What Happens in Vegas.[58] In its second weekend it grossed $8,117,459 and ranked fourth at the box office. The film closed its run on August 1, 2008 with $43,945,766 domestically and $93,945,766 worldwide.[3] Based on its total gross, it was considered the harshest financial dowry in history.[59][60][61] The results were well below studio expectations,[62] given that the production costs of Speed Racer were estimated to be over $120 million.[3] Despite the low box office numbers, Warner Bros. remained optimistic about sales of associated products ranging from toys to tennis shoes. Brad Globe, president of Warner Bros. Consumer Products, expressed hope that "We're still going to do very well with Speed Racer", acknowledging that "a giant movie would have made it all a lot bigger".[63]
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval percentage of 42% based on 218 reviews and an average rating of 5.20 out of 10. The critics consensus states: "Overloaded with headache-inducing special effects, Speed Racer finds the Wachowskis focused on visual thrills at the expense of a coherent storyline."[64] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 37 out of 100 based on 37 critic reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable".[65] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[66]
Writing for The Hollywood Reporter, Kirk Honeycutt called Speed Racer's visual effects "stellar", but stated it "proudly denies entry into its ultra-bright world to all but gamers, fanboys and anime enthusiasts". He criticized that story and character were "tossed aside" towards the "wearying" races.[67] Todd McCarthy of Variety noted the target audience should be amused, but others might think the film "a cinematic pile-up", citing its implausibility and the lack of identifiable peril in the driving sequences. While noting viewers interested in CGI would appreciate it, McCarthy said the frame sometimes resembled "a kindergartner's art class collage". He had praise for the cinematography, the musical score, and the cast.[68]Anime News Network's Zac Bertschy also praised the cast, while saying the story is "as anyone would expect", adding "the characters are all cardboard archetypes with Saturday Morning dialogue."[69]Speed Racer "sets out to honor and refresh a youthful enthusiasm from the past and winds up smothering the fun in self-conscious grandiosity", declared The New York Times'sA. O. Scott.[70]
Glenn Kenny of Premiere criticized the film's time-shifting narrative and multiple storylines, saying it "yields heretofore undreamed of levels of narrative incoherence". Kenny praised the film's look, saying the "cheez-whizziness" that others had criticised was "precisely the point". He remarked the movie inspires even more thinking than The Matrix because of its "blatantly anti-capitalist storylines".[71] Similarly, The New Yorker's Anthony Lane said the film could still end up "bleached of fun" due to the theme mooted in The Matrix that all of us are being controlled. In Speed Racer, Lane argues, this comes in the form of villain Royalton, who "vows to crush [Speed] with 'the unassailable might of money.'" He concluded some people may call it entertaining, but he "felt [it] like Pop fascism".[72] Jim Emerson, editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, wrote that Speed Racer "is a manufactured widget, a packaged commodity that capitalizes on an anthropomorphized cartoon of Capitalist Evil in order to sell itself and its ancillary products".[73] It was said to be "the most tiresome piece of CGI (Computer Generated Idiocy [sic])" of the "past couple of years" at the time of film's release by Philip French, a The Guardian critic.[74]
IGN's Todd Gilchrist gave a positive review, stating that Speed Racer "is not merely the best film that it could be, it's pretty much exactly what it should be: full of exciting, brilliantly-conceived races, primary-color characterizations and an irresistible sense of fun". He called Speed Racer "a masterpiece of its kind", praising "the special effects extravaganza" and "the moment when the Wachowskis went from wunderkind directors to true auteurs".[75]Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune described Speed Racer as "buoyant pop entertainment and noted the Wachowskis respected "the themes of honor, dishonor, family loyalty and Visigoth-inspired barbarism behind the wheel" of the original work. The cast is praised as being "earnest" and "gently playful". However, he stated that "it sags in its midsection" with unnecessary dialogue.[76] Although it was said to be among the worst films of the year by Rebecca Murray of About.com, she included Speed Racer on her list of "Top 10 Action Movies of 2008", stating "the action sequences are definitely eye-catching."[77]Time magazine included Speed Racer on its list of "The All-Time 25 Best Sports Movies" and "Top 10 Movies of 2008". It said "Not every avant-garde FX masterpiece receives instant audience validation", described the film as "a rich, cartoonish dream: non-stop Op art, and a triumph of virtual virtuosity."[78][79]
Roger Allam's portrayal of Arnold Royalton was praised; Variety said he made "a delicious love-to-hate-him villain".[68]Time magazine critic Richard Corliss claimed that Allam was "channeling Brit pundit Christopher Hitchens as his most pompestuous";[80] similar comparisons were made by several other reviewers.[81][82][71]
Retrospective reappraisal
About the movie's reception, Christina Ricci said: "I think I was aware of the disconnect that was going on at the time, and I was sort of watching and… Not that I expected that, but I knew that there would be problems, because I knew that people were expecting something very different than what was actually going to be delivered."[83]
The film has appeared periodically on lists of underrated films. Speed Racer was elected the third most underrated film of the 2000s by Den of Geek's N.P. Horton, which called it "a game-changing film which redefined and reconceptualised the film form as we know it."[84] Nick Hyman, writing for Metacritic, included the film on its list of "movies that critics got wrong" calling it "a cult classic in the making".[85] It was described as "nearly unmatched [...] insofar as action/adventure/family films go" by Alejandro Stepenberg from JoBlo.com,[86] while Slate's Chris Wade named it "an underrated masterpiece," stating that the Wachowskis "made a brilliant visual cartoon that dares to ask that you take it seriously."[87]
Annalee Newitz of io9 analyzed the ten reasons why they believe the film to be an "unsung masterpiece", including its visuals, humor, and political themes.[88]Tor.com's Dexter Palmer considered the possibility that the film is a "misunderstood art film", highlighting its color scheme that is a "pleasure" and the fact it does not try to seem real. Palmer lauded it because he does not think films must imitate reality, and ultimately said it is "an extreme reminder of what films, and especially fantasy and science fiction films, can place on screen" and that it is "a refreshing change of pace" in film industry.[89]Collider's Kayti Burt ranked it at No. 30 of Best Hollywood Blockbusters of the 21st Century stating, "While other blockbusters of the year (and the decade) worked to ground their fantastical premises in a gritty, realistic setting, Speed Racer leaned hard in the other direction."[90]
Variety discussed a possible sequel, saying it could happen if Speed Racer had a good box office performance.[44] In 2008, the possibility was contemplated by the Wachowskis when Rain asked them why his character is so happy for Speed winning, and they replied it could be explained in the next film. Rain said he was hired for three years, while noting that is not a guarantee.[97] Ricci also considered it a possibility; she stated "When we [the cast] were all leaving, we were like 'write the sequel!' 'We want to come back'. And they [the Wachowskis] were like, 'I know. I know. We're going to. Don't worry'", adding she would like more action scenes for her character.[98] Producer Silver said that the Wachowskis "have a great story idea for a sequel" but that it is "a great idea for a sequel if it makes sense to make it".[99] In 2018, Hirsch stated in a tweet that a sequel script has been written.[100]
^Morris, Wesley (July 31, 2005). "The Minimalist". The Boston Globe.
^Graham, Renee (December 28, 1997). "Stipe gets in on the producing act". The Boston Globe.
^ abLyons, Charles; Harris, Dana (October 17, 2001). "Warners hooked on 'Speed'". Variety. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^Fleming, Michael (September 19, 2000). "Hudlin to service 'Sarah'". Variety. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^Kit, Borys (April 2, 2007). "Goodman, Sarandon on 'Speed'". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on May 6, 2007. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^Fleming, Michael; McClintock, Pamela (October 31, 2006). "Sibs built for 'Speed'". Variety. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^"Geh, Speed Racer, Geh". IGN. Ziff Davis Media. February 17, 2007. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
^Roxborough, Scott (February 14, 2007). "Babelsberg feels need for 'Speed'". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on February 17, 2007. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^McNary, Dave (November 3, 2007). "WB speeds up 'Racer'". Variety. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^Chupnick, Steve (August 25, 2007). "Susan Sarandon on Speed Racer". SuperHeroHype.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^Kauffman, Jeff (September 16, 2008). "Speed Racer". DVD Talk. Internet Brands. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
^Williams, Ben (September 16, 2008). "Speed Racer Blu-ray Review". Blu-ray.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^Honeycutt, Kirk (May 1, 2008). "Speed Racer review". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^ abMcCarthy, Todd (May 1, 2008). "Review: 'Speed Racer'". Variety. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^Bertschy, Zac (May 9, 2008). "Speed Racer – Review". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
^Gilchrist, Todd (May 7, 2008). "Speed Racer Review". IGN. Ziff Davis Media. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
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2012 studio album by DMXUndisputedStudio album by DMXReleasedSeptember 11, 2012RecordedNovember 2009–January 2012Studio Saltmine Studio Oasis (Mesa, Arizona) Bishop Powerhouse Studios (Yonkers, New York) Length54:41LabelSeven Arts MusicFontanaProducerDMX (exec.)Dame Grease (also exec.)BirdCaviarDeezleDivine BarsEliteJ.R. RotemSnaggsSnazSwizz BeatzTronzillaDMX chronology The Weigh In(2012) Undisputed(2012) Exodus(2021) Singles from Undisputed I Don't DanceReleased: April 7, 2012 Head...
English (later British) colony in North America and the Caribbean (1663–1712) This article is about the British province that existed from 1663 to 1712. For other uses, see Carolina. Province of CarolinaProvince of Great Britain1663–1712 British Red EnsignLocation of Carolina in North AmericaAnthemGod Save the King[a]CapitalCharlestownArea • Coordinates34°48′17″N 79°40′31″W / 34.80472°N 79.67528°W / 34.80472; -79.67528 HistoryGovernm...
Urban park in Colombo, Sri Lanka Galle Face GreenGalle Face Green facing northTypeUrban parkLocationColombo in Sri LankaArea5.0 haOperated bySri Lanka Ports AuthorityStatusOpen all year The Galle Face Green runs next to the Indian Ocean Shangri-La OneGalleFace hotel complex Galle Face is a 5 ha (12 acres) ocean-side urban park, which stretches for 500 m (1,600 ft) along the coast, in the heart of Colombo, the financial and business capital of Sri Lanka. The promenade was i...
العلاقات الباكستانية القبرصية باكستان قبرص باكستان قبرص تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الباكستانية القبرصية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين باكستان وقبرص.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة ب...
Former British media company Carlton Communications plcTypePublicTraded asLSE: CCMNasdaq: CCTVYIndustryTelevisionFounded1982; 41 years ago (1982)Defunct2 February 2004; 19 years ago (2004-02-02)FateMerged with Granada plcSuccessorITV plcHeadquartersLondon, United KingdomKey peopleMichael P. Green (Chairman)ProductsCarlton CinemaCarlton SelectCarlton WorldCarlton KidsCarlton Food NetworkDivisionsCarlton TelevisionWestcountry TelevisionCentral Independen...
German World War II submarine U-570 Type VIIC submarine that was captured by the British in 1941. This U-boat is almost identical to U-923. History Nazi Germany NameU-923 Ordered6 June 1941 BuilderNeptun Werft AG, Rostock Yard number510 Laid down21 February 1942 Launched7 August 1943 Commissioned4 October 1943 FateSunk on 9 February 1945 General characteristics Class and typeType VIIC submarine Displacement 769 tonnes (757 long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged Length 67.10&...
Russian-Swiss snowboarder This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Iouri Podladtchikov – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this templa...
Artikel ini perlu dikembangkan dari artikel terkait di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. (Juli 2023) klik [tampil] untuk melihat petunjuk sebelum menerjemahkan. Lihat versi terjemahan mesin dari artikel bahasa Inggris. Terjemahan mesin Google adalah titik awal yang berguna untuk terjemahan, tapi penerjemah harus merevisi kesalahan yang diperlukan dan meyakinkan bahwa hasil terjemahan tersebut akurat, bukan hanya salin-tempel teks hasil terjemahan mesin ke dalam Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia. Jangan...
Ex-Hacienda San Rafael Osnovni podaci Država Meksiko Savezna država Michoacán Opština Turicato Stanovništvo Stanovništvo (2014.) 11[1] Geografija Koordinate 19°03′37″N 101°25′28″W / 19.06028°N 101.42444°W / 19.06028; -101.42444 Vremenska zona UTC-6, leti UTC-5 Nadmorska visina 744[1] m Ex-Hacienda San RafaelEx-Hacienda San Rafael na karti Meksika Ex-Hacienda San Rafael je naselje u Meksiku, u saveznoj državi Michoacán, u opšt...
