Russian battleship Andrei Pervozvanny

Andrei Pervozvanny in 1912
History
Russian Empire
NameAndrei Pervozvanny
NamesakeSaint Andrew
BuilderAdmiralty Shipyard, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Laid down11 May 1905
Launched30 October 1906
In service10 March 1911
Soviet Union
AcquiredNovember 1917
Out of service1919
Stricken21 November 1925
FateScrapped, 15 December 1923
General characteristics as built
Class and typeAndrei Pervozvanny-class predreadnought battleship
Displacement
Length460 ft (140.2 m) (o/a)
Beam80 ft (24.4 m)
Draft27 ft (8.2 m)
Installed power
Propulsion2 shafts; 2 triple-expansion steam engines
Speed18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph)
Range2,100 nmi (3,900 km; 2,400 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Complement956
Armament
Armor
  • Belt: 4–8.5 in (102–216 mm)
  • Upper belt: 3.1–5 in (79–127 mm)
  • Casemates: 3.1–5 in (79–127 mm)
  • Conning tower: 4–8 in (102–203 mm)
  • Main gun turrets: 8–10 in (203–54 mm)
  • Main gun barbettes: 4–5 in (102–27 mm)
  • Secondary gun turrets: 5–6 in (127–52 mm)

Andrei Pervozvanny (Russian: Андрей ПервозванныйSt Andrew the First-Called) was an Andrei Pervozvanny-class predreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the early-1900s. The ship's construction was greatly delayed by design changes as a result of the Russo-Japanese War and labor unrest after the 1905 Revolution, and she took nearly six years to build. Andrei Pervozvanny was not very active during World War I and her bored sailors joined the general mutiny of the Baltic Fleet in early 1917. She was used by the Bolsheviks to bombard the rebellious garrison of Fort Krasnaya Gorka in 1919 during the Russian Civil War and was torpedoed by British Coastal Motor Boats shortly afterwards, as part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. The ship was never fully repaired and was scrapped in 1923.

Description

Andrei Pervozvanny was 454 feet (138.4 m) long at the waterline and 460 feet (140.2 m) long overall. She had a beam of 80 feet (24.4 m) and a draft of 27 feet (8.2 m). The ship displaced 18,580 long tons (18,880 t) at deep load. The battleship had a double bottom and a metacentric height of 4 feet (1.2 m). The ship's crew consisted of 31 officers and 924 crewmen.[1]

Andrei Pervozvanny was equipped with two 4-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines with a total designed output of 17,600 indicated horsepower (13,100 kW). Twenty-five Belleville boilers provided steam to the engines. On sea trials, they produced 17,635 ihp (13,150 kW) and a top speed of 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph). She carried a normal load of 800 long tons (810 t) of coal that provided a range of 1,300 nautical miles (2,400 km; 1,500 mi) at a speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and a maximum load of 1,500 long tons (1,500 t) that gave 2,400 nautical miles (4,400 km; 2,800 mi) at the same speed.[2]

The main armament of the Andrei Pervozvanny class consisted of two pairs of 12-inch (305 mm) Model 1895 guns mounted in twin-gun turrets fore and aft of the superstructure. Eight of the fourteen 8-inch (203 mm) Model 1905 guns were mounted in four twin-gun turret at the corners of the superstructure while six were mounted in casemates in the superstructure. For defense against torpedo boats, the ships carried twelve 120-millimeter (4.7 in) guns mounted in casemates above the 8-inch guns in the superstructure. Two underwater 450-millimeter (17.7 in) torpedo tubes were mounted, one on each broadside, and they were provided with six spare torpedoes.[3]

Based on the Russian experience at the Battle of Tsushima, the sides of the ship's hull were completely protected by Krupp cemented armor. The main waterline belt had a maximum thickness of 8.5 inches (216 mm) and the upper belt was 5 inches (127 mm) at its thickest. The sides of the main gun turrets were 8 inches (203 mm) thick and the armor of the casemates ranged from 3.1 to 5 inches (79 to 127 mm) in thickness. The greatest thickness of deck armor was 1.5 inches (38 mm).[4]

Service history

Andrei Pervozvanny c. 1912

Andrei Pervozvanny was built by the Admiralty Shipyard in Saint Petersburg. Construction began on 15 March 1904[Note 1] and was officially laid down on 11 May. Her construction was slowed by labor trouble in the shipyard from the 1905 Revolution. She was launched on 30 October 1906 and began her sea trials in September 1910. They were completed in October 1910, but the ship entered service on 10 March 1911.[5] Andrei Pervozvanny joined the Baltic Fleet on completion and she made a port visit to Copenhagen in September 1912. The following September she visited Portland, Cherbourg, and Stavanger together with her sister ship, Imperator Pavel I. She ran aground on Odensholm Island, off the Estonian coast, on 1 July 1914. The ship was still under repair when World War I began the following month. Her lattice masts were cut down and light topmasts were added while under repair.[6]

Andrei Pervozvanny was mostly inactive during the war as the Russian naval strategy in the Baltic was defensive and they did not intend to seek out the German fleet.[7] She ran aground in the Longgayen Pass on 12 November 1914. She was refloated on 14 November, repaired and returned to service.[8] Torpedo nets were fitted in early 1915 and the ship's torpedoes were removed in January 1916. In late 1916, four 76-millimeter (3 in) anti-aircraft guns were added.[9] The ship's crew joined the general mutiny of the Baltic Fleet in Helsinki on 16 March 1917, after they received word of the February Revolution in Saint Petersburg, and several of the ship's officers were murdered by the crew. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk required the Soviets to evacuate their naval base at Helsinki in March 1918 or have their ships interned by newly independent Finland even though the Gulf of Finland was still frozen over. Andrei Pervozvanny and her sister ship the renamed Respublika, led the second group of ships on 5 April and reached Kronstadt five days later in what became known as the "Ice Voyage".[7]

After the October Revolution in 1918, the ship remained on active duty as part of the Red Navy during the Russian Civil War. Between 13 and 15 June 1919, Andrei Pervozvanny and the dreadnought Petropavlovsk bombarded Fort Krasnaya Gorka whose garrison had mutinied against the Bolsheviks. The ship fired 170 12-inch and 408 8-inch shells[10] and the garrison surrendered on 17 June when Leon Trotsky promised them their lives, only to order them machine-gunned.[11] Andrei Pervozvanny was attacked by the Royal Navy during its Campaign in the Baltic 1918–19, when she was torpedoed by either C.M.B. 31 or C.M.B. 88 during the night of 17/18 August 1919 as the ship lay at anchor in Kronstadt. She was hit on the port bow and settled 2 feet (0.6 m) down by the bow. The British claimed three torpedo hits, but two of the torpedoes actually struck the harbor wall behind the battleship. The Victoria Cross, Britain's highest military decoration, was awarded to Commander Claude Congreve Dobson and Lieutenant Gordon Charles Steele for their successful attack.[12] The ship was raised and docked, but never fully repaired.[10] While under repair, she was nearly hit by a small bomb during a British air raid on 3 September.[13] Scrapping of Andrei Pervozvanny began 15 December 1923,[14] although she was not formally stricken until 21 November 1925.[7]

Notes

  1. ^ All dates used in this article are New Style

Footnotes

  1. ^ McLaughlin, pp. 180–181, 185
  2. ^ McLaughlin, pp. 181, 187
  3. ^ McLaughlin, p. 186
  4. ^ McLaughlin, p. 181
  5. ^ McLaughlin, p. 180
  6. ^ McLaughlin, pp. 188, 302
  7. ^ a b c McLaughlin, p. 188
  8. ^ Chernyshev, Alexander Alekseevich (2012). Погибли без боя. Катастрофы русских кораблей XVIII–XX вв [They died without a fight. Catastrophes of Russian ships of the XVIII-XX centuries] (in Russian). Veche. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  9. ^ McLaughlin, p. 302
  10. ^ a b McLaughlin, p. 322
  11. ^ Head, p. 223
  12. ^ Head, pp. 229, 232
  13. ^ Head, p. 233
  14. ^ Melnikov, p. 96.

References

  • Head, Michael (2009). "The Baltic Campaign, 1918–1920, Pt. II". Warship International. XLVI (3): 217–39. ISSN 0043-0374.
  • McLaughlin, Stephen (2003). Russian & Soviet Battleships. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-481-4.
  • Melnikov, R. M. (2003, in Russian). Lineyny korabl "Andrey Pervozvanny" (1906–1925) (Линейный корабль "Андрей Первозванный" (1906–1925)). Saint Petersburg: Korabli i srazheniya. (no ISBN)

Further reading

Read other articles:

Northeastern Huskies Universidad Universidad NortheasternLiga División I de la NCAAConferencia principal Colonial Athletic AssociationEquipos 16Equipos masculinos 7Equipos femeninos 9Apodo(s) HuskysMascota PawsInstalacionesFútbol americano Parsons FieldBaloncesto Matthews Arena[editar datos en Wikidata] Northeastern Huskies es el nombre que reciben los equipos deportivos de la Universidad Northeastern, situada en Boston, Massachusetts. Los equipos de los Huskies participan en las ...

 

First Prime Minister of Poland Ignacy Daszyński1st Prime Minister of the Second Polish RepublicIn office6 November 1918 – 14 November 1918PresidentRada Regencyjna (Regency Council)Preceded byWładysław Wróblewski (As Prime Minister of the Regency Kingdom of Poland)Succeeded byJędrzej Moraczewski (As Prime Minister of the Second Polish Republic)Deputy Prime Minister of the Second Polish RepublicIn office24 July 1920 – 4 January 1921Prime MinisterWincenty WitosPreceded...

 

Connor Swindells Swindells en 2019Información personalNombre de nacimiento Connor Ryan SwindellsNacimiento 19 de septiembre de 1996 (27 años)Lewes, Reino UnidoResidencia Londres, Reino UnidoNacionalidad BritánicaCaracterísticas físicasAltura 1,82 m (6′ 0″)FamiliaPareja Aimee Lou Wood (2018-2020)EducaciónEducado en Steyning Grammar SchoolRydon Community College Información profesionalOcupación Actor y modeloAños activo 2015–presenteRol debut HarlotsSitio web *Página web of...

Козяр Ганна СтепанівнаНародилася 1907Померла 19 липня 2001(2001-07-19)Поховання МихайлівкаКраїна  СРСР УкраїнаДіяльність колгоспницяПартія КПРСНагороди Ганна Степанівна Козяр (1907 — 19 липня 2001) — Герой Соціалістичної Праці. Біографічні відомості Народилася у 1907 році

 

Wappen Deutschlandkarte 50.24972222222210.194722222222235Koordinaten: 50° 15′ N, 10° 12′ O Basisdaten Bundesland: Bayern Regierungsbezirk: Unterfranken Landkreis: Bad Kissingen Höhe: 235 m ü. NHN Fläche: 93,11 km2 Einwohner: 7596 (31. Dez. 2022)[1] Bevölkerungsdichte: 82 Einwohner je km2 Postleitzahl: 97702 Vorwahlen: 09733, 09708, 09766 Kfz-Kennzeichen: KG, BRK, HAB Gemeindeschlüssel: 09 6 72 135 LOCODE: ...

 

Cabai ceriCabai ceriSpesiesCapsicum annuumKultivarPimientoTingkat kepedasan RinganSkala Scoville100–500 SHU Acar cabai ceri Cabai ceri atau Pimiento (pengucapan bahasa Spanyol: [piˈmjento]), pimento atau cherry pepper adalah jenis cabai besar, merah, berbentuk hati (Capsicum annuum) yang berukuran panjang 7–10 cm dan lebar (sedang, memanjang) 5–7 cm. Daging pimiento terasa manis, lezat, dan lebih aromatik daripada paprika merah. Beberapa varietas dari jenis pimiento ada ...

Sino-Tibetan language Toto

 

Australopithecus anamensisRentang fosil: Pliosen Tulang Australopithecus anamensis yang disimpan di Universitas Zurich. Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Mammalia Ordo: Primates Famili: Hominidae Subfamili: Homininae Genus: Australopithecus Spesies: A. anamensis Nama binomial Australopithecus anamensisLeakey et al., 1995 Australopithecus anamensis adalah spesies dari Australopithecus. Fosil pertama spesies ini, meskipun tidak dikenali pada saat itu, adalah satu...

 

Family of intracellular transcription factors This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: STAT protein – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Domains and covalent modification sites of STAT proteins. STAT protein, all-alpha domainI...

Three late-18th-century forced partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Fourth Partition redirects here. For the 2013 documentary film, see Fourth Partition (film). Partitions of PolandThe Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772PartitionsThe three partitions of Poland (the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth). The Russian Partition (brown), the Austrian Partition (green), and the Prussian Partition (blue) The Partitions of Poland[a] were three partitions of the Polish–Lithua...

 

Chemical element with atomic number 40 Not to be confused with zircon, zirconia, or cubic zirconia. Chemical element, symbol Zr and atomic number 40Zirconium, 40ZrZirconiumPronunciation/zɜːrˈkoʊniəm/ ​(zur-KOH-nee-əm)Appearancesilvery whiteStandard atomic weight Ar°(Zr)91.224±0.00291.224±0.002 (abridged)[1] Zirconium in the periodic table Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Ph...

 

Shopping mall in Selangor, MalaysiaCentral i-CityLocationi-City, Shah Alam, SelangorMalaysiaCoordinates3°3′44.1″N 101°28′54.2″E / 3.062250°N 101.481722°E / 3.062250; 101.481722AddressNo. 1, i-City,Persiaran Multimedia, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah AlamOpening date15 June 2019DeveloperCentral Pattanai-City Properties Sdn BhdArchitectSAA Group Architects[1]No. of stores and services365[2]No. of anchor tenants3Total retail floor area926,000 sq...

Kompetencje społeczne (ang. social competence) – rozwinięta w toku uczenia się zdolność kształtowania własnego rozwoju oraz autonomicznego i odpowiedzialnego uczestniczenia w życiu zawodowym i społecznym, z uwzględnieniem etycznego kontekstu własnego postępowania[1]. Definicja dotyczy rozumienia terminu kompetencje społeczne odniesionego do ram kwalifikacji (Europejskiej Ramy Kwalifikacji – ERK i Polskiej Ramy Kwalifikacji – PRK). Termin ten występuje także w innych znacz...

 

International standards organization GRIFounded1997 Boston, United StatesTypeNon-governmental organizationPurposeSustainability reportingHeadquartersAmsterdam, NetherlandsRegion served WorldwideChief ExecutiveEelco van der EndenDeputy Chief ExecutiveNAChief Financial OfficerDani MarunovicMain organSecretariat (administrative office) elected by the annual general meetingAffiliationsOECD, UNEP, United Nations Global Compact, ISOWebsitewww.globalreporting.orgFormerly calledGlobal Reporting Initi...

 

Sports mascots Albert and Alberta GatorAlbert (left), and Alberta (right), mascots of the Florida Gators.UniversityUniversity of FloridaConferenceSECDescriptionAnthropomorphic American alligatorsFirst seen1970 (Albert), 1984 (Alberta) Statues at the Alumni Affairs Building Albert Gator and Alberta Gator are the official mascots of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Costumed in plush, Albert and Alberta are Florida representations of American alligators, which are commonly foun...

Ada Zayas-BazánBornMaría Zayas-Bazán Hernández (1958-10-14) 14 October 1958 (age 65)Florida, CubaOccupationAuthor LanguageSpanishNationalityCubanMaría Zayas-Bazán Hernández (born 14 October 1958), known as Ada Zayas-Bazán, is a children's author, poet and teacher from Cuba. She was born in the town of Florida in Camagüey Province, Cuba.[1] She writes in the Spanish language and is known for her works Pupa, Palabras Mágicas, and Dulce Hogar.[2] References ^ Ada Z...

 

American hair restoration company HairClubFormerlyHair Club for MenIndustryHair restorationFounded1976FounderSy Sperling[1] HairClub (formerly Hair Club for Men, also Hair Club for Men and Women) is an American hair restoration, hair regrowth, and hair replacement company with locations in the United States and Canada. History HairClub was founded in 1976 by Seymour Sy Sperling (June 25, 1941 – February 19, 2020), who famously quipped “I’m not only the Hair Club president, but I...

 

For alternative betydninger, se Plot (flertydig). (Se også artikler, som begynder med Plot) Et plot er hovedlinjen i en narrativ fortælling. Et plot kan være stramt eller løst i struktur. Plottet i en fortælling kan inddeles i undergrupper som stemning, karakterbeskrivelse, miljøbeskrivelse og konflikttemaer. Traditionelt har analyser opereret med syv grundlæggende plot. Der findes eksempler på, at plot inddeles i op til 20 grundtyper. [1] Plot er ofte genrebestemte. I folkev...

邠州在陕西省的位置(1820年) 邠(bīn)州,中国古代设置的一个州,治所在今陕西省彬州市。 唐朝开元十三年(725年),以豳州的“豳(bīn)”字和幽州的“幽”字形相近,豳州改名邠(bīn)州。治新平县(今陕西彬县)。属关内道。辖境约当今陕西省彬州市、长武县、旬邑县、永寿县等县地。唐朝后期为邠宁节度使治所。明朝废新平县入邠州。清朝雍正三年(1725年)�...

 

Marko Antonije Gordijan Sempronijan Rimski Afrički (rođen oko 192. godine - umro 12. aprila 238. godine), poznat i kao Gordijan II bio je rimski car tokom 238. godine. Gordijan II bio je sin Gordijana I i nepoznate majke. Njegova sestra Antonija Gordijana bila je majka Gordijana III. Izgleda da je Gordijan II bio kvestor u vreme Elegabala i da je bio pretor i sufektni konzul u doba Aleksandra Severa. 237. godine, kada je njegov otac postao upravnik Afrike, Gordijan je tamo otišao sa ocem. ...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!