Rechov Sumsum (Hebrew: רחוב סומסום, literally: Sesame Street) is the Israeli adaptation of the U.S. children's show of the same name.
The first three series of the show were a joint production of the Israeli Educational Television and the Sesame Workshop, a Worldwide American non-profit organization that has been co-producing the original American Sesame Street since 1969.[1]
The storyline and cast of Rechov Sumsum are tailored to an Israeli audience.
History
The idea for Sesame Street being aired in Israel goes back to 1971 when black and white episodes of the show broadcast in English were briefly shown on Israeli television. But the Israeli Ministry of Education thought it was entertaining, but not educational enough for Children, so it was eventually taken off air.[2]
Rechov Sumsum consists of five television series and one short-lived spin-off: Rechov Sumsum, Shalom Sesame, Rechov Sumsum/Shara'a Simsim, Sippuray Sumsum and Rechov Sumsum (2006), Shalom Sesame (2009).
Rechov Sumsum (1983–1996)
This original Israeli version of the series was the most popular. 195 episodes were produced and broadcast between 1983 and 1986 on the Israeli Educational Television. Puppet segments were taken from the American series and dubbed in Hebrew (the same has been done in all other Israeli versions of the series). All other aspects of the production were local: The program took place in an Israeli neighborhood in which children and adults played together. Original connecting segments were added in which Israeli children shared a view of their lives. The series had a parallel character to Big Bird – a big porcupine, by the name of "Kippi" and a parallel character to Oscar The Grouch, by the name of "Moishe Oofnik". Oofnik was a punk and used to complain a lot and bother the neighborhood's residents, but even so, he soon became friends with the children in the neighborhood. The residents who lived in the street included Avner and Hanna, who were the owners of the coffee shop near Kipi's burrow. After they moved to a different city they were replaced by a new coffee shop named Gabi (Gabi Amrani [he]). Opposite the coffee house lived Miki (Miki Kam) and Nathan (Nathan Dattner [he]). Nathan lived in front of an older resident named Yona (Yona Atari). In front of Yona's apartment was Shmil's (Shmuel Shilo) electricity appliance repairing shop, where Miki worked as Shmil's assistant.
Occasionally Albert (Albert Iluz [he]) used to come over to the neighborhood for visits – a peculiar character with a French accent with whom Kipi used to consult on different issues. Salim (Salim Dau [fr; he; ar]) used to explain to the children in the neighborhood the meaning of different words in Arabic and the show also included different famous Israeli guest stars, such as the duo "HaDodaim", Haim Moshe, Gidi Gov and Rotem Abuhab [he].
Kippi Ben Kippod and Moishe Oofnik also made an appearance on the 1993 special Sesame Street Stays Up Late! alongside other international Sesame Street characters.
The series was broadcast repeatedly many times until 1996. Then, these broadcasts were suspended due to the expiry of the co-production agreement between the Israeli Educational Television and the Sesame Workshop – the rights owner of the original American Sesame Street. The right to show the Hebrew-dubbed segments of the original American show produced by the Sesame Workshop was transferred to the private cable channel "HOP! Channel".
Following the success of the series many products were marketed to the Israeli public based on the series, including records of the songs and the sketches from the show, dolls of Kipi Ben Kipod, school supplies, clothing, and bedding. A new fashion that started due to the show was the "Kipi shoes" – Plaidedslippers in shades of brown and black, which although existed before the show, became much more popular following the show.
The curriculum goals of the show were: Mutual Respect (human diversity, mutual respect); The Child's World (body parts, child's powers, health, reasoning, problem-solving); Reading, Mathematics, and Writing (pre-reading and writing, numbers, geometric forms); and Cognitive Organization (perceptual discrimination, relational concepts, classifying). Although messages about mutual respect were always included in the curriculum of the original US show, it was the first time this area was a major focus of any version of Sesame Street. It was a priority because of the "profound political tension in the region".[3] This production has been viewed as a model for the use of television to convey anti-sectarian messages.[4]
The series was produced in 1989 (its first season), 1990 (its second season), and 1991 (its third season), and was broadcast in Israel between the years 1989 and 1990.
The series was first intended for broadcast in the US and was therefore recorded completely in English. Only later it was dubbed in Hebrew for Israeli viewers (although the Shalom Sesame logo still showed up at the beginning). Following the big wave of immigration from Russia to Israel in those years, the series was also dubbed in Russian. In 2006 the series came out in the United States in a DVD bundle which included all episodes of the series (without the Hebrew dubbing).
Production on the series began in 1995. Two separate Israeli and Palestinian teams were formed, with their producers and writers; the Israeli team was based in Tel Aviv, and the Palestinian team in Ramallah.[5] Each team signed a separate deal with Children's Television Workshop.[6] The series cost $4 million and was financed by multiple groups, including Israel Educational Television, Al-Quds Educational Television, and foreign donors. The show was nearly canceled while in production, due to pressures from both sides against cooperation.[7] Several members of the Palestinian team left in May 1996 after Benjamin Netanyahu was elected.[8]
Both the Israeli and Palestinian teams agreed before production that the show would not cover political issues, nor would they include imagery of soldiers, flags (or other symbols of nationalism), or religious locations and holidays.[6] However, this was sometimes tested, as in one script where a Palestinian Olympic runner, Majed Abu Marajil, said he was representing the "Palestinian state". The segment was ultimately never filmed, as Marajil was unable to come to Tel Aviv for filming.[8]
This combined production included both Israeli-Jews and Israeli-Arabs to generate a message of coexistence.[7]Al-Quds University's Institute of Modern Media co-produced the series.[5] The series premiered on April 1, 1998 and ran until the end of 2002.
The production included 70 episodes and featured new characters aside from Kipi and Oofnik. A new Israeli Muppet was named Dafi (a purple monster), and two Arab muppets named Hanin (an orange monster)[7] and Kareem (a green rooster)[7] were also introduced as a way to bring diversity into the cast. A new stage was built, which included a garden, a promenade, a bookstore and an ice cream store. Moishe Oofnik's old car was "stuck" in the center of the neighborhood. Due to the disintegration of the original muppet of Kipi Ben Kipod and due to rights issues, Kipi's muppet was re-designed with a more "muppet-like" design. Kipi was also given a more masculine-sounding voice by Guy Friedman.
The opening theme song was replaced with one composed by Shlomo Gronich and included several sentences in Arabic.
The co-production received significant attention at the time and became the subject of articles in academic journals mainly due to ongoing tensions between Israel and Palestine. It also resulted in the show's producer Daoud Kuttab publishing a non-fiction book Sesame Street, Palestine: The Ups and Downs of Producing a Children's Program which covered the events of the show's production.
The final promotional push for Rechov Sumsum/Shara'a Simsim was an appearance by Dafi, Hanneen, Karim, and Moishe at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade on November 28, 2002, alongside various other characters from international versions of Sesame Street.
Sippuray Sumsum (2002–2006)
In 2002, the decision was made to split the Israeli-Palestinian co-production and create a project entitled Sesame Stories which would act as the banner title for three separate programs serving the Middle East. Each program would share animated segments but have their own individual muppet characters.
The Israeli part of this project, Sippuray Sumsum ("Sesame Stories") was broadcast on the Israeli HOP! Channel and it featured two new Muppets named Noah and Brosh. The hosts of the show were Tzahi (Dror Keren [he]) and Aibtism (Hind Ayub). This series was largely funded by the European Union, and much like the previous co-production, its goal was to promote messages of respect and understanding among Israeli and Arab children in the Middle East. The series was occasionally broadcast on Channel 33 with Arabic dubbing.
The fourth series – Rechov Sumsum (2006–present)
Season 1
In 2006, the show transitioned back to the Rechov Sumsum name and debuted on the HOP! Channel, mixing the Sippuray Sumsum cast, new characters, and returning favorite Moishe Oofnik from the original seasons. From December 2006 a new series called "Rechov Sumsum" was produced for the Israeli HOP! Channel. The new series featured the main Muppets from Sippuray Sumsum – Noah and Brosh, along with the hosts Tzahi (Dror Keren) and Aibtism (Hind Ayub), many other actors, and two new muppets, Avigail and Mahboub. Mahboub became a source of controversy as it was confirmed that he was a muppet of Arab origin.[9]
There were also plans and negotiations to restore the original Muppets of Kipi Ben Kipod and Moishe Oofnik in this series, but eventually due to technical and economical considerations, only Moishe Oofnik was featured in the series. The opening theme is the original theme song of the show which was written by Yoni Rechter and sung by a new band of children called "Sharonit". The show also included a campaign against violence. The fourth series included 40 episodes.
Season 2
In December 2009, a new season for Rechov Sumsum was produced for "Hop! Channel".
The new season featured the previous Muppets: Avigail, Brosh, Mahboub and Moishe Oofnik with new neighbors including Sivan, a Muppet in a wheelchair and Sesame Street's Grover, or Kruvi in Hebrew.
Season 3
In February 2012, another new season for Rechov Sumsum was produced for "Hop! Channel".
The new season featured the previous Muppets: Avigail, Mahboub, Sivan and Moishe Oofnik with new neighbor called Sesame Street's Elmo.
Season 4
In March 2015, another new season for Rechov Sumsum debuted on "Hop! Channel".
The new season featured the muppets: Avigail, Mahboub, Sivan and Elmo. The focus for the season is "Learn about science and curiosity." Shani Cohen, Abigail's former Puppeteer, is going back to the show as a new human character called Ayelet, tour guide at the museum.
Avigail (Shani Cohen and Guni Paz) – a young purple monster who speaks in the third person, she likes to play and is happy with everyone. (seasons 1–4)
Sivan (Efrat Gonan) – a purple Muppet in a wheelchair.[12] (seasons 2–4)
^Cole, Charlotte F; Beth A. Richman; Susan A. McCann Brown (2001). "The world of Sesame Street research". In Fisch, Shalom M (ed.). "G" is for growing: Thirty years of research on children and Sesame Street. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers. p. 159. ISBN0-8058-3395-1.
