Phoenix petrel

Phoenix petrel
Conservation status
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Procellariiformes
Family:	Procellariidae
Genus:	Pterodroma
Species:	P. alba
Binomial name
Pterodroma alba (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Synonyms
Procellaria alba Gmelin, 1789[2] Procellaria parvirostris Peale, 1848[2] Rhantistes parvirostris Bp, 1856[3] Æstrelata parvirostris Coues, 1866[3] Œstrelata parvirostris Lister, 1891[4]

The Phoenix petrel (Pterodroma alba) is a medium-sized tropical seabird, measuring up to 35 cm (1.15 ft) long, with a wingspan of 83 cm (2.72 ft). It has a dark brown upperparts plumage, white below and whitish throat. The sexes are similar.

The Phoenix petrel is found throughout oceans and coastal areas in the central Pacific Ocean. Their colonies can be found on Phoenix, Tonga, Kiritimati, Tuamotu, Marquesas and Pitcairn Island. Females lay one white egg on the ground surface. The diet consists mainly of squid, fish and crustaceans.

Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size, predation by invasive species and human exploitation, the Phoenix petrel is evaluated as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Taxonomy

The Phoenix petrel was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the other petrels in the genus Procellaria and coined the binomial name Procellaria alba.^[5] Gmelin based his description on the "white-breasted petrel" that had been described in 1785 by the English ornithologist John Latham from a specimen belonging to the naturalist Joseph Banks.^[6] The type locality is Kiritimati (Christmas Island) in the Pacific Ocean.^[7] The Phoenix petrel is now one of 35 species placed in the genus Pterodroma that was introduced in 1856 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.^[8][9] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek pteron meaning "wing" with dromos meaning "racer" or "runner". The specific epithet alba is from Latin albusmeaning "white".^[10] The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.^[9]

References

1. BirdLife International (2022). "Pterodroma alba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22698001A183088698. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
2. Loomis, Leverett Mills (January 1920). "On Procellaria alba Gmelin" (PDF). The Auk. 38 (1): 88–91. doi:10.2307/4072962. JSTOR 4072962.
3. Streets, Thomas H. (1877). "Contributions to the Natural History of the Hawaiian and Fanning Islands and Lower California". Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, Issue 7. Washington, DC: The Smithsonian Institution. p. 30.
4. Sharpe, Richard, ed. (1896). Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum: Gaviæ and Tubinares. London, UK: British Museum of Natural History. p. 405.
5. Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 565.
6. Latham, John (1785). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 3, Part 2. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 400, No. 6.
7. Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 71–72.
8. Bonaparte, Charles Lucien (1856). "Espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux d'Asie et d'Amérique, et tableaux paralléliques des Pélagiens ou Gaviae". Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 42: 764–776 [768].
9. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Petrels, albatrosses". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
10. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 322, 37. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

Further reading

• Murphy, R.C.; Pennoyer, J.M. (1952). "Larger petrels of the genus Pterodroma". American Museum Novitates (1580): 32–35. hdl:2246/4049.

External links

• BirdLife Species Factsheet