PROFILBARU.COM

Gadfly petrels
	White-headed Petrel
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Procellariiformes
Family:	Procellariidae
Genus:	Pterodroma; Bonaparte, 1856
Type species
	Procellaria macroptera (great-winged petrel); Smith A., 1840
Species
	About 35, see text

The gadfly petrels or Pterodroma are a genus of about 35 species of petrels, part of the seabird order Procellariiformes. The gadfly petrels are named for their speedy weaving flight, as if evading gadflies (horseflies). The flight action is also reflected in the name Pterodroma, from Ancient Greek pteron, "wing" and dromos, "runner".

The short, sturdy bills of these medium to large petrels are adapted for soft prey that they pick from the ocean surface. They have twisted intestines for digesting marine animals that have unusual biochemistries.

Their complex wing and face marking are probably for interspecific recognition.

These birds nest in colonies on islands and are pelagic when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a burrow or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies.

While generally wide-ranging, most Pterodroma species are confined to a single ocean basin (e.g. Atlantic), and vagrancy is not as common amongst the genus as in some other seabird species (c.f. the storm petrels Hydrobatidae). Eleven species in this genus breed in the New Zealand region, and six of these are only found there.^[1]

Taxonomy

The genus Pterodroma was introduced in 1856 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.^[2] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek pteron meaning "wing" with dromos meaning "racer" or "runner".^[3] The type species was subsequently designated as the great-winged petrel by the American ornithologist Elliott Coues in 1866.^[4]^[5]

The species listed here are those recognised in the online list maintained by Frank Gill, Pamela Rasmussen and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee (IOC). The genus includes 35 species, of which one has become possibly extinct in historical times.^[6]

Great-winged petrel, Pterodroma macroptera – Indian and Atlantic Oceans
White-headed petrel, Pterodroma lessonii – Southern Ocean
Grey-faced petrel, Pterodroma gouldi – Pacific Ocean
Atlantic petrel, Pterodroma incerta – south Atlantic Ocean
Providence petrel, Pterodroma solandri – west Pacific Ocean
Magenta petrel, Pterodroma magentae – south Pacific Ocean, but poorly known
Murphy's petrel, Pterodroma ultima – east and central Pacific Ocean
Soft-plumaged petrel, Pterodroma mollis – Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and margins of western Pacific Ocean
Zino's petrel or Madeira petrel, Pterodroma madeira – east Atlantic Ocean
Fea's petrel, Pterodroma feae – Atlantic Ocean
Desertas petrel, Pterodroma deserta (disputed) – Atlantic Ocean
Bermuda petrel, Pterodroma cahow – northwest Atlantic Ocean
Black-capped petrel, Pterodroma hasitata – Atlantic Ocean: Cuba and Hispaniola to Martinique
Jamaican petrel, Pterodroma caribbaea (possibly extinct) – Atlantic Ocean: Jamaica
Juan Fernández petrel, Pterodroma externa – east Pacific Ocean
Vanuatu petrel or Falla's petrel, Pterodroma occulta – southwest Pacific Ocean
Kermadec petrel, Pterodroma neglecta – Pacific Ocean with eccentric breeding in the Indian Ocean on Round Island, Mauritius^[7]
Herald petrel, Pterodroma heraldica – southwest Pacific Ocean – split from P. arminjoniana^[8]
Trindade petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana – south Atlantic Ocean, with eccentric breeding on Round Island, Mauritius^[9]^[10]
Henderson petrel, Pterodroma atrata – southeast Pacific Ocean – split from P. arminjoniana^[8]
Phoenix petrel, Pterodroma alba – southwest Pacific Ocean
Barau's petrel, Pterodroma baraui – southwest Indian Ocean
Hawaiian petrel, Pterodroma sandwichensis – central Pacific Ocean
Galápagos petrel, Pterodroma phaeopygia – central Pacific Ocean
Mottled petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata – Pacific Ocean
White-necked petrel, Pterodroma cervicalis – west Pacific Ocean
Black-winged petrel, Pterodroma nigripennis – west Pacific Ocean with eccentric breeding in the Indian Ocean on Round Island, Mauritius^[11]
Chatham Islands petrel, Pterodroma axillaris – southwest Pacific Ocean
Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca – northwest Pacific Ocean
Gould's petrel, Pterodroma leucoptera – south Pacific Ocean
Collared petrel, Pterodroma brevipes – southwest Pacific Ocean
Cook's petrel, Pterodroma cookii – Pacific Ocean
Masatierra petrel, Pterodroma defilippiana – east Pacific Ocean
Stejneger's petrel, Pterodroma longirostris – north and east Pacific Ocean
Pycroft's petrel, Pterodroma pycrofti – southwest Pacific Ocean