New South Wales S set

S sets
S90 arriving at Liverpool, February 2014
Upper deck Interior viewing the seats
In service	1972–2019
Manufacturer	Comeng A Goninan & Co
Built at	Granville Broadmeadow
Constructed	1972–1980
Entered service	1972
Refurbished	1990s
Scrapped	2011–2015, 2018–2020, 2024
Number built	509 carriages
Number preserved	16 carriages
Number scrapped	496 carriages
Successor	A & B sets
Formation	2-car or 3-car sets (L-set) 6-car sets (R-set) 4-car sets (S-set)
Fleet numbers	C3001–C3080, C3741–C3765, C3805–C3986 D4011–D4095 T4101–T4170, T4921–T4987
Capacity	Comeng: 484 (112 in control motors, 130 in trailer cars) Goninan: 486 (113 in control motors, 130 in trailer cars)
Operators	Public Transport Commission State Rail Authority CityRail Sydney Trains
Depots	Flemington
Lines served	Until 2015: all Sydney Suburban lines Until retirement: Inner West & Leppington Bankstown Carlingford Olympic Park Airport & South
Specifications
Car body construction	Stainless steel
Car length	20.22 m (66 ft 4 in)
Width	Comeng: 3,077 mm (10 ft 1.1 in) Goninan: 3,036 mm (9 ft 11.5 in)
Height	Comeng: 4,382 mm (14 ft 4.5 in) Goninan: 4,368 mm (14 ft 4.0 in)
Maximum speed	115 km/h (71 mph)
Weight	Comeng control motors: 47 t (46 long tons; 52 short tons) Goninan control motors: 45 t (44 long tons; 50 short tons) Trailers: 34 t (33 long tons; 37 short tons)
Traction system	Mitsubishi camshaft resistance control
Traction motors	4 × Mitsubishi 150 kW (200 hp) series wound DC motor
Power output	600 kW (800 hp)
Electric system(s)	1,500 V DC (nominal) from overhead catenary
Current collector(s)	Pantograph
UIC classification	Bo′Bo′ (control motors) 2′2′ (trailers)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The S sets are a class of electric multiple units (EMU) that operated on Sydney's suburban rail network from 1972 up until 2019. Originally entering service under the Public Transport Commission, the sets also operated under the State Rail Authority, CityRail and Sydney Trains. The S sets were originally deignated into three classes, two-car L sets (originally T sets), four-car S sets, and six-car R sets. During their years of service, some were desigated as two-car PK sets and three-car NC sets. Prior to their retirement, the S sets were the last class in the Sydney Trains fleet to not be air-conditioned, earning them the nicknames "Tin cans" and "Sweat Sets". They were also nicknamed "Ridgys" because of their fluted ("ridged") stainless steel panelling; they shared this nickname with similar looking K sets and C sets. Their stainless steel appearance was also shared with the intercity V sets and U sets. All remaining sets were withdrawn from service in June 2019.

Delivery

Goninan trailer car vestibule with stairs leading to upper & lower decks after refurbishment

Two manufacturers built 509 carriages, based on a largely common design:

• 359 carriages were built by Comeng between 1972 & 1980.^[1] They were externally distinguished by the peaked front of driving cars and a prominent line across each side of its carriages above the upper deck windows. They also had thin flutings at the top and upper half of the sides of the carriages.
• The Series 1 Comeng power cars featured no fluting on the lower half of the carriage and one peaked front and rear end.
• The Series 2/3 Comeng power cars featured fluting on the lower half of the carriage and one peaked front end. These two types were identical aesthetically.
• The Series 4 Comeng power cars were identical to the Series 2/3 cars with headlights fitted above the destination box.
• Cars D4011–D4020 featured the driver/guard window and vertical window close together with no pantograph. These carriages also lacked a driver/guard doors and had no destination boxes.
• Cars D4021-D4095 featured the same as a Comeng power car with a driver/guard door with no pantograph. These cars had no destination boxes.
• All 85 driving trailers were converted into trailer cars with the driving compartment, cab and guard instruments removed with head and tail lights plated over.

Qty	Series	Class	Car numbers
207	Mk1	Power car	C3805–C3857
	Mk2		C3858–C3911
	Mk3		C3912–C3986
	Mk4		C3741–C3765
67	Mk1	Trailer car	T4921–T4962
	Mk2		T4963–T4987
85	Mk3	Driving trailer	D4011–D4020
	Mk4		D4021–D4095

• 150 carriages built by A Goninan & Co between 1978 & 1980.^[2] They were externally distinguished by the flat front of driving cars and lower windows on the upper deck. They also had larger windows at the end between carriages. They also had thicker flutings at the top and around the top of the carriages and lacked the line around the top of the sides of the carriages unlike the Comeng carriages.

Carriage numbers	Class
C3001–C3080	Power cars
T4101–T4170	Trailer cars

History

In service

Comeng power car

A Goninan & Co power car

Following the successful trial of four double-deck power cars built by Tulloch in 1968, 53 Series 1 power cars were ordered from Comeng and delivered in 1972–73.^[3] They were paired with 1965–67 Tulloch-built trailer carriages that had previously operated in company with single deck power cars. The first 39 were painted tuscan to match the trailer cars while the last 14 were painted in the newly introduced Public Transport Commission blue and white livery.

Carriage interior in the 1970s with Beclawat windows which were replaced when the cars were refurbished in the 1990s

From 1976, the blue and white livery was replaced by an Indian red livery. In 1979, painted Series 1 cars began to have their paint removed to match the Series 2 cars. Only seven were completed, and it wasn't until August 1988 that the program recommenced with the last carriage treated in 1990.^[4][5]

Subsequent orders saw another 154 power cars, 67 trailer cars and 85 driving trailer cars built by Comeng. These were all built to the Series 2 design with Budd type polished inserts on the carriage sides, flat rather than tapered number 2 ends, throw-over rather than sliding reversible seats, upgraded interior lights and a natural stainless steel finish.^[3]

A further order saw 80 power cars and 70 trailer cars constructed by A Goninan & Co in 1978–80. These cars differed in having a squarer type of fluting and flat fronts on the power cars.

All were formed into either four-car S sets or two-car T sets. In practice, there were only a few diagrams requiring two carriage sets resulting in most T sets being used to form six and eight-car sets. By the early 1980s, some permanent six-car sets had been formed and targeted as R sets. In December 1983 there were 60 T sets, 12 months later this was down to 19.^[6][7]

In April 1982, ten driving trailers were introduced on local services between Scarborough and Port Kembla. They were targeted as PK sets, and operated in two-car sets. These PK sets ran until the line was electrified in December 1985.^[8] They were hauled by 48 class diesels but because of incompatibility between the electrical systems, the guard operated doors were disconnected.

From June 1984, four three-car sets of Goninan stock operated suburban services from Newcastle to Fassifern and Morisset as NC sets.^[9] This stock was allocated to Mortdale and periodically rotated. In August 1989, this was reduced to two sets.^[10] In September 1989, the remaining NC sets were replaced by two carriage L sets from Hornsby.^[11] These were replaced in January 1992.^[12]

The vestibule of a converted R set in November 2008

In May 1987, the ten newest driving trailers based at Hornsby were renumbered D4001–D4010 and the remainder began to have their control equipment removed and revert to ordinary trailers.^[13] To allow the Tangaras to be targeted as T sets, the remaining two-car sets became L sets in April 1988.^[14][15] When refurbished in the 1990s the crew compartments were removed.^[16]

To operate services on the newly electrified Riverstone to Richmond line from August 1991, all 10 driving trailers and a number of Series 1 power cars were fitted with headlights.^[17]

From October 1996, two-car L sets replaced U sets on suburban services between Thirroul, Port Kembla and Kiama.^[18] These were later extended to three cars before being replaced by Tangaras in October 2011.

During the 1990s, all carriages were refurbished as part of the CityDecker program. This saw the interiors refurbished with white walls and ceilings, grey floors and blue seats. Power cars received a destination indicator and had yellow applied to the lower half of their fronts. Sliding Beclawat windows were replaced with hopper windows and doors painted yellow.

Replacement

Tulloch trailer T4873 at Sydenham station in July 2003

After nearly 40 years of service, the Tulloch trailers were deemed life expired and the last withdrawn in March 2004. This resulted in a disproportionate number of power cars. To address the balance, 23 Comeng power cars were converted into trailers. Most of the conversions were Series 1 cars, however a few conversions involved Series 2 cars. This involved the removal of the yellow painted front (on some cars), pantograph and opening up of the driving compartment for passengers. Some cars had their external lights removed and plated over, and their cabs removed, other retained these fittings. All retained their motors and compressors for ballast purposes. The destination indicators were also retained as it would have cost too much to have them removed; they were painted over instead. These cars are easy to recognise as they have an open space where the pantograph once was.

During their history, S sets operated on all Sydney lines. The last six car R sets were deemed life expired in August 2012, with all carriages formed into four car S sets (which were typically operated in pairs). The last sets were transferred from Mortdale to Flemington in March 2013 bringing an end to their operation on Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra services. However, one set remained operational through parts of March and April on the line. In May 2014, all Hornsby sets were transferred to Flemington.

All remaining 498 carriages were to be replaced by A sets from 2012, with the last scheduled for replacement in 2015.^[19] In March 2013, it was revealed that forty eight S sets would need to be retained after the full introduction of the A sets, as the option to build further A sets had lapsed, meaning no trains had been ordered for the South West Rail Link.^[20] The last Series 1 power car was withdrawn in January 2014. The final A set was delivered in June 2014.^[21] Following the delivery of the final A sets, Sydney Trains retained 48 four-car sets (192 carriages).^[22]

In June 2014, the government announced that all timetabled services except those on the T7 Olympic Park shuttle, would be operated by air-conditioned trains.^[21] With the introduction of a new timetable in November 2017, 40 four car sets were temporarily required to operate the weekday service, while the B sets were delivered. This meant that S sets would once again be scheduled to operate services on all lines in Sector 2.

Final days

The remaining forty eight S sets were gradually replaced by twenty four eight-carriage B set trains throughout the course of 2018 and 2019, with 14 S set carriages being retained for heritage purposes. Six S sets were initially kept for emergencies but sufficient availabilities of other air-conditioned rolling stock ultimately deemed this redundant.^[23][24][25] The new B sets replaced timetabled K set runs, while the K sets moved on to S set runs. The remaining S sets were mostly phased out by the end of April 2019, with the introduction of an updated timetable of the Sydney Trains network. All of the final sets were withdrawn by June 2019.

On 27 June 2019, Transport Minister Andrew Constance joined Sydney Trains Chief Executive Howard Collins and rail employees on a farewell run from Central Station across the Sydney Harbour Bridge to Lavender Bay.^[26][27] The last timetabled S set service ran on the following night, on 28 June 2019, on the T7 Olympic Park Line. Two public farewell events were held on Sunday 21 July 2019.^[28][29] The final revenue S set service was a special charter on the afternoon of 21 July, organised by the Sydney Electric Train Society and operated in conjunction with Transport Heritage NSW and Sydney Trains.

During their final days S sets operated on the following lines:

• T2 Inner West and Leppington Line: Leppington/Parramatta to City via Granville
• T3 Bankstown Line: Liverpool/Lidcombe to City via Bankstown
• T6 Carlingford Line: Clyde to Carlingford
• T7 Olympic Park Line: Lidcombe To Olympic Park
• T8 Airport and South Line: Macarthur To City via Airport/Sydenham

Preservation

^[30]

Car Number	Set	Owner	Build Date	Notes
T4058	DT1	Sydney Trains	October 1977 (As D4058) October 1997 (As T4058)	Petersham Training Centre. Painted flake grey (likely) to deter vandalism. Not accessible to the public.
C3840	DT1	Sydney Trains (Lewisham Training Centre)	January 1973	Petersham Training Centre. Painted flake grey and yellow (likely) to deter vandalism. Destination board is covered. Not accessible to the public.
C3861	S1	Sydney Trains / Sydney Electric Train Society	4 December 1973	Stored. Not accessible to the public.
T4983	S1		20 November 1978	Stored. Not accessible to the public.
T4003	S1		5 March 1979 (as D4080) July 1987 (as D4003) October 2005 (as T4003)	Stored. Not accessible to the public.
C3057	S1		22 April 1980	Stored. Not accessible to the public.
C3805	SP1*	Sydney Trains / THNSW / HET	4 April 1972	Painted in PTC blue and white between February 1976 and the 1980s. First Comeng S set carriage. Under restoration.
T4150	SP3*		9 May 1980	Carriage that Queen Elizabeth rode on. Under restoration.
C3814	SP2*		June 1973	Painted in PTC blue and white between March 1976 and November 1979. Stripped for spare parts, scrapped 21 May 2024.
C3001	S56		20 December 1978	Stored. Last ran 27th of March during Super 8 Tour to Wyong.
T4101	S56		20 December 1978
T4961	S56		14 April 1976
C3862	S56		10 December 1973
C3986	S28		July 1978	Operational and certified. Accessible to the public on tour runs.
T4050	S28		11 July 1977
T4013	S28		22 February 1974
C3765	S28		9 May 1980

*SPx is denoted on internal fleet lists as of circa June 2016. L1 has been seen around 2018 when HET acquired the cars, however presently no setplates are worn.^[31]

In popular culture

• Many of the scenes in the music video of the 2020 single Old Me, by pop-rock band 5 Seconds of Summer, were filmed inside S set carriage C3805^[32]

References

1. L, R and S Set (Comeng type) control motor – CityRail (Internet Archive)
2. R and S Set (Goninan type) control motor – CityRail (Internet Archive)
3. Dunn, John (2010). Comeng A History of Commonwealth Engineering Volume 3 1966–1977. Rosenberg Publishing. pp. 151–173. ISBN 9781877058905.
4. "EMU Review" Railway Digest March 1989 page 86
5. "Rolling Stock – The EMU Review" Railway Digest March 1991 page 96
6. "Deployment of the Electric Train Fleet as at 31 December 1983" Railway Digest March 1984 page 88
7. "EMU Review" Railway Digest March 1985 page 61
8. "1982/83 SRA Annual Report" Railway Digest June 1984 page 212
9. "Rostering Electrics to Newcastle" Railway Digest August 1984 page 250
10. "Electric Cars" Railway Digest August 1989 page 281
11. "Electric Cars" Railway Digest December 1989 page 414
12. "The New Timetable" Railway Digest December 1991 page 454
13. "The Thirty-First of May" Railway Digest July 1987 page 210
14. "EMU Review" Railway Digest March 1988 page 77
15. "L Sets" Railway Digest June 1988 page 219
16. "A Review of Electric Multiple Unit rolling stock" Railway Digest September 1996 page 31
17. "Rolling Stock – The EMU Review" Railway Digest March 1992 page 113
18. "EMU Review" Railway Digest March 1997 page 38
19. Railcorp selling off train carriages – perfect for the person who has everything Daily Telegraph 29 December 2011
20. Commuters stuck with old trains on new rail link Archived 18 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine Sydney Morning Herald 15 March 2013
21. "NSW Government delivers final Waratah train: all Sydney services air-conditioned". Transport for NSW. 2 June 2014. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
22. Saulwick, Jacob (16 July 2013). "Old trains will stay in service for long after choose-by date". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
23. Sydney EMU order to cope with growth Archived 7 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine Railway Gazette International 2 December 2016
24. New Waratah trains finally signal end to Sydney's sweat sets Archived 22 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Sydney Morning Herald 22 March 2018
25. New air conditioned trains arrive Transport for NSW 22 March 2018
26. "End of the line for the S-Set trains". Transport for NSW. 27 June 2019. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
27. End of the line for Sydney's 'sweat set' trains Archived 27 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine Sydney Morning Herald 27 June 2019
28. "SETS Tours – S-Set Farewell Tour". sets.org.au. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
29. "S-Sets Farewell | Transport Heritage NSW | Australia". thnsw.com.au. 20 July 2019. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
30. "SETS Fleet – Double-Deck Suburban Cars". sets.org.au. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
31. "Ancillary Fleet List". trackrecordfl. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
32. "5 SECONDS OF SUMMER Release Video For 'Old Me'". GIG GOER. 12 March 2020. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.

Beckhaus, John; Halgren, Stephen (2007), Sydney's Electric Trains, Australian Railway Historical Society NSW Division, ISBN 978-0-9757870-8-3

External links

• Media related to S sets at Wikimedia Commons
• Technical drawings and specifications (archived) Transport for NSW