Neogale

Not to be confused with Neogalea.

Neogale
Long-tailed weasel (N. frenata)
American mink (N. vison)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Mustelidae
Subfamily:	Mustelinae
Genus:	Neogale Gray, 1865
Type species
Mustela frenata[1]
Species
N. africana N. felipei N. frenata N. vison †N. macrodon
Neogale range, including non-native areas
Synonyms
Mustela (in part) Neovison Baryshnikov & Abramov, 1997 Grammogale Cabreragale

Neogale (colloquially referred to as the New World weasels) is a genus of carnivorous, highly active small mammals belonging to the Mustelidae family (which also contains badgers, weasels, martens, otters, and wolverines, among others). Neogale contains four species: the Amazon weasel (Neogale africana), the long and short-tailed weasels (N. frenata and N. lontra), and the American mink (N. vison). Native to the Americas, members of the genus can be found as far north as Alaska and as far south as Argentina and Bolivia. Across this distribution, they thrive in a range of habitats, from the deep-freezes of the Alaskan and Canadian boreal forests to the arid desert southwest, and from the humid tropics of Central and South America (including the Amazon basin) to the windswept foothills of the Andes and northern Patagonia.

Taxonomy

Members of this genus were formerly classified into the genera Mustela and Neovison, but many studies had previously recovered several American species of Mustela, as well as both species within Neovison, to comprise a monophyletic clade distinct from all other members of Mustelinae.^[2][3] A 2021 study found this clade to have diverged from Mustela during the Late Miocene, between 11.8 - 13.4 million years ago, with all members within the clade being more closely related to one another than to any of the other species in Mustela, and gave it the name Neogale, originally coined by John Edward Gray.^[1] The American Society of Mammalogists later accepted this change.^[4]

New World weasels

Mustelinae Mustela Neogale Neogale africana Neogale felipei Neogale frenata Neogale vison †Neogale macrodon

Taxonomy of Neogale[5]

Species

There are 5 recent species in the genus, 4 extant and 1 extinct:^[4]

Extant species

Image	Scientific name	Common name	Distribution
	Neogale africana (Desmarest, 1800)	Amazon weasel	Amazon Basin of South America
	Neogale felipei (Izor and de la Torre, 1978)	Colombian weasel	Andes of Colombia and Ecuador
	Neogale frenata (Lichtenstein, 1831)	Long-tailed weasel	Continental North America south of southern Canada; Andes and northern Amazon Basin in South America
	Neogale vison (Schreber, 1777)	American mink	North America (United States and Canada); introduced to Europe, Japan, Chile and Argentina

Extinct species

Image	Scientific name	Common name	Distribution
	Neogale macrodon (Prentiss, 1903)	Sea mink	Maritime Provinces in Canada, New England in the United States; now extinct

References

1. Patterson, Bruce D.; Ramírez-Chaves, Héctor E.; Vilela, Júlio F.; Soares, André E. R.; Grewe, Felix (2021). "On the nomenclature of the American clade of weasels (Carnivora: Mustelidae)". Journal of Animal Diversity. 3 (2): 1–8. doi:10.52547/JAD.2021.3.2.1. ISSN 2676-685X. S2CID 236299740.
2. Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Deere, K.A.; Slater, G.J.; Begg, C.; Begg, K.; Grassman, L.; Lucherini, M.; Veron, G.; Wayne, R.K. (February 2008). "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation". BMC Biology. 6: 10. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10. PMC 2276185. PMID 18275614.
3. Law, C. J.; Slater, G. J.; Mehta, R. S. (2018-01-01). "Lineage Diversity and Size Disparity in Musteloidea: Testing Patterns of Adaptive Radiation Using Molecular and Fossil-Based Methods". Systematic Biology. 67 (1): 127–144. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syx047. PMID 28472434.
4. "Neogale". ASM Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
5. Nyakatura, K.; Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P. (2012). "Updating the evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia): a new species-level supertree complete with divergence time estimates". BMC Biology. 10 (#12): 12. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-10-12. PMC 3307490. PMID 22369503.