Mystic, South Dakota

Mystic
Ghost town
Gold dredge at Mystic, South Dakota, c. 1910
Mystic Show map of South Dakota Mystic Show map of the United States
Coordinates: 44°04′37″N 103°38′30″W
Country	United States
State	South Dakota
County	Pennington
Founded	1876 (1876)
Elevation [1]	4,872 ft (1,485 m)
Population
• Total	0
Mystic Townsite Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Area	43 acres (17 ha)
NRHP reference No.	86002093[2]
Added to NRHP	August 1, 1986

Mystic is a ghost town in Pennington County, South Dakota. It began as a placer mining encampment called Sitting Bull in 1876, later attracting multiple railroads to the area. Its population began to decline in the early 20th century, and it now has few to no permanent residents. The old townsite was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 under the name Mystic Townsite Historic District.

Geography

Mystic is located in the Black Hills in Pennington County, South Dakota. It is on Castle Creek, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Rapid City and 12 miles (19 km) north of Hill City, at the intersection of Mystic Road/County Road 231 and George Frink Road. A trailhead located at Mystic provides access to the George S. Mickelson Trail.^[3] Aside from a few original sheds and summer cottages,^[4] the main feature left in the settlement is the McCahan Memorial Chapel, built in 1930 and closed in 1966.^[5]

History

Establishment

The first white settlement on the site was a gold placer mining camp established alongside Castle Creek in 1876, which the settlers called Sitting Bull after the Lakota chief. In addition to panning for gold, other settlers began to set up mineshafts in the surrounding hills.^[4] Although some miners redirected their efforts to Deadwood, the camp maintained a steady population; by 1879, about 100 people lived in Sitting Bull.^[5]

In 1889, the settlement was renamed Mystic, for unknown reasons. Some authors speculate that the settlers supposed that the local Native Americans believed the surrounding area to be full of mystery.^[6] Others believe the settlement was named after Mystic, Connecticut.^[5] In the same year, the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad built a railway to the settlement, connecting it to Deadwood. In 1906,^[5] the Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad, also known as the Crouch Line, arrived in Mystic, which became the western terminus of the Mystic line to Rapid City.^[3][4] The Mystic post office was established in 1895.^[7]

Growth

Mystic's convenient situation for placer mining attracted several experimental ventures.^[5] In June 1911, at a cost of $100,000,^[8] the Castle Creek Hydraulic Gold Mining Company established the first gold dredge—also the first electric placer mining dredge—in the Black Hills about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) upstream of Mystic.^[9] This system had a capacity of 55,000 yards (50 km) of material per month, but the cost far exceeded its returns and within a year, the dredge had been removed and relocated to Oregon. In 1904, the Electro-Chemical Reduction Company set up an experimental electrochlorination plant. This plant, called the Mystic Reduction Mill, cost over $1 million to create. By 1913, the operation had failed, and in 1919 its foundation was used for a new sawmill operated by George Frink.^[5]

With local mining on the decline, the Frink Sawmill became the town's new main employer. At other points, Mystic had a Presbyterian church, blacksmith, school, and grocery store.^[4] It was also home to a Civilian Conservation Corps camp, the highest in the Black Hills, during the Great Depression. The CCC workers planted trees and battled forest fires across the Black Hills. The employees at the camp are estimated to have planted over 1.5 million trees by November 1937.^[10]

President Calvin Coolidge at Mystic, South Dakota, 1927

At the convergence of two railroad lines, Mystic also attracted significant tourism, and in 1927, during his tour of the Black Hills and Mount Rushmore, President Calvin Coolidge visited Mystic.^[5] The Rapid City Daily Journal describes the president and his wife visiting the summer home of former Nebraska Governor Samuel Roy McKelvie by way of Mystic on July 23.^[11] The Coolidges arrived in town on the Crouch Line before departing for the McKelvie cottage and were driven part of the way by George Frink in his lumber wagon.^[12][13]

Abandonment

Mystic had already begun to decline in the early 20th century. Being so close to the creek, the settlement suffered from numerous floods that had continually damaged the railways, buildings, and other infrastructure. Five railroad bridges were washed out during flooding in 1907 but later replaced. Several fires—including multiple wildfires—also threatened the community. The sawmill itself was destroyed by fire in 1936 and rebuilt.^[5] Just three years later, a massive fire swept through the Black Hills, destroying several homes around Mystic; George Frink, who was the fire warden at the time, described it as "the worst I've ever seen."^[14] Additionally, the town was beginning to run out of easily accessible coal and timber.^[5]

After World War II, its abandonment quickened. The Crouch Line was completely dismantled in 1947 and the sawmill closed in 1952.^[4] The post office followed two years later and its operations consolidated into the nearby Rochford post office.^[15][7] The Burlington rail line closed in November 1983 and today forms part of the George S. Mickelson Trail. Today, no permanent houses are occupied in Mystic.^[4]

On August 1, 1986, 43 acres (17 ha) of the original townsite were added to the National Register of Historic Places; however, the exact area and details of contributing properties are restricted.^[16]

References

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mystic, South Dakota
2. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
3. "Mystic Trailhead". Black Hills & Badlands South Dakota. Black Hills & Badlands Tourism Association. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
4. Raisch, Bruce A. (2006). "South Dakota Black Hills Ghost Towns". Ghost Towns and Other Historical Sites of the Black Hills (4th ed.). Virginia Beach, Virginia: Donning Company Publishers. pp. 56–59. ISBN 978-1-57864-351-6.
5. Mauro, Stephen (June 2012). "Mystic, South Dakota". Wild West. Vol. 25, no. 1. Leesburg, Virginia: Weider History Group. pp. 74–75. ISSN 1046-4638. ProQuest 1011090454. Retrieved January 31, 2024 – via ProQuest.
6. Federal Writers' Project (1940). South Dakota place-names, v.1-3. University of South Dakota. p. 52.
7. "Pennington County". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
8. "Placer Dredge at Mystic Starts Work". Mines and Mining. The Weekly Pioneer Times Mining Review. Deadwood, South Dakota. June 15, 1911. p. 7. Retrieved February 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
9. "First Placer Dredge in Black Hills". Mines and Mining. The Weekly Pioneer Times Mining Review. Deadwood, South Dakota. December 1, 1910. p. 4. Retrieved February 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
10. "Mystic CCC Men Set Many Trees". Rapid City Daily Journal. Deadwood, South Dakota. November 10, 1937. p. 3. Retrieved January 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
11. "Coolidge Hikes on Mystic Trail". Rapid City Daily Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. July 25, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved January 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
12. "President Panned Gold In Heart of Black Hills". Daily Deadwood Pioneer-Times. Deadwood, South Dakota. Associated Press. July 24, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved January 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
13. "Photographic Memory: Destination Discovered". Rapid City Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. January 27, 1998. p. 9. Retrieved January 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
14. "Lines Placed". Rapid City Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. July 12, 1939. p. 5. Retrieved January 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
15. Lee, Bob (July 4, 1954). "Deerfield Postoffice Abandoned, But Coffee Sessions To Continue". Rapid City Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. p. 16. Retrieved January 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
16. "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Mystic Townsite Historic District". National Park Service. Retrieved January 31, 2024. With accompanying pictures