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Megleno-Romanians

Megleno-Romanians
Total population
5,000–20,000
Regions with significant populations
 Greece4,000
 North Macedonia1,000
 Turkey4,000–5,000[1]
 Romania (Dobruja)1,200
 Serbia (Banat)Unknown
Languages
Megleno-Romanian,
Greek, Macedonian
Religion
Orthodox Christianity, Sunni Islam (in Turkey)
Related ethnic groups
Aromanians, Istro-Romanians, Romanians

The Megleno-Romanians, also known as Meglenites (Megleno Romanian: Miglinits), Moglenite Vlachs or simply Vlachs (Megleno Romanian: Vlaș), are an Eastern Romance ethnic group, originally inhabiting seven villages in the Moglena region spanning the Pella and Kilkis regional units of Central Macedonia, Greece, and one village, Huma, across the border in North Macedonia. These people live in an area of approximately 300 km2 in size. Unlike the Aromanians, the other Romance-speaking population in the same historic region, the Megleno-Romanians are traditionally sedentary agriculturalists, and not traditionally transhumants. Sometimes, the Megleno-Romanians are referred as "Macedo-Romanians" together with the Aromanians.[2]

They speak a Romance language most often called by linguists Megleno-Romanian or Meglenitic in English, and βλαχομογλενίτικα (vlakhomoglenítika) or simply μογλενίτικα (moglenítika) in Greek. The people themselves call their language vlahește, but the Megleno-Romanian diaspora in Romania also uses the term meglenoromână.

Unlike the other Eastern Romance populations, over time Megleno-Romanians have laid aside a name for themselves which originates in the Latin Romanus, and instead have adopted the term Vlasi or Vlashi, derived from "Vlachs", a general term by which, in the Middle Ages, non-Romance peoples designated Romance peoples and shepherds. The term Megleno-Romanians was given to them in the 19th century by the scholars who studied their language and customs, based on the region in which they live.

Their number is estimated between 5,213 (P. Atanasov, most recent estimate), and 20,000 (P. Papahagi, c. 1900). There is a larger Megleno-Romanian diaspora in Romania (c. 1,500 people), a smaller one in Turkey (c. 500 people) and an even smaller one in Serbia. Greece does not recognize national minorities, thus this approximately 4,000-strong community does not have any official recognition from Greece. Another 1,000 Megleno-Romanians live in North Macedonia. It is believed, however, that there are up to 20,000 people of Megleno-Romanian descent worldwide (including those assimilated into the basic populations of these countries).

History

Origins

The Moglena region (Turkish: Karacaova) is located in the north of Greece at the border with North Macedonia. It is roughly bounded by the Vardar river to the east, by the Kožuf and Voras mountains to the west, by the plains of Giannitsa and Edessa to the south, and by the Mariansca Mountains to the north.[3]

Historians Ovid Densusianu and Konstantin Jireček considered that Megleno-Romanians descended from a mixture of Romanians with Pechenegs, settled in Moglen by the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in 1091. They argued this on the basis in part of the Asian-like facial appearance (more prominent cheek bones) of Meglen Vlachs. By contrast, Gustav Weigand and George Murnu believed that Megleno-Romanians were descendants of the Romanian-Bulgarian Empire who retreated to Moglen.[4] This view was opposed by Jireček. Pericle Papahagi argued another version, according to which the Megleno-Romanians are descendants of a group of Romanians who were incorrectly called Vlachs and who came to Meglen area during the times of Dobromir Chrysos.[5] Strez, another Vlach member of the Asan family, amplified Chrysos' lands by adding Macedonian territories for his principality.

Megleno-Romanians used to have a traditional custom, called bondic, where the head of a household would take an oak log and place it in the hearth just before Christmas, burning it bit by bit until Epiphany. The resulting charcoal would be put under fruit trees to make them fertile. A similar custom called bavnic, but with specific variations, also existed among Aromanians, some Romanians and Latvians.[6] This custom is found in Orthodox South Slavic cultures (Serbian badnjak, Bulgarian budnik, Macedonian badnik). Some believe that these customs and other cultural archetypes discovered by scientists are proof that Megleno-Romanians come from a traditional mountainous region.[7]

Theodor Capidan, studying the resemblance of the Megleno-Romanian language with Romanian and other languages, concluded that Megleno-Romanians must have spent some time in the Rhodope Mountains before moving on to Moglen (due to the presence of elements similar to those found in the language of the Bulgarians in the Rhodopes).[8] Both Papahagi and Capidan observed that Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian lack a Slavic influence, but show Greek influence instead. The study of Megleno-Romanian and other Eastern Romance varieties led Capidan to believe that during the establishment of the Romanian language in the Early Middle Ages, there was an ethnic Romanian continuity on both banks of the Danube (north and south).[citation needed]

There were several small hamlets and cottage settlements at high elevations at the Mount Paiko before the founding of today's Megleno-Romanian villages.[9] From the medieval and modern periods, it is known that Megleno-Romanians had an administration of their own. Each village was led by a captain. Their economic and social centre was the town of Nânta. After the incursions of the Pomaks of Moglen against the Ottomans, the latter started a persecution campaign against villages in the area, including those of the Megleno-Romanians. Most of the villages were put under the administration of an Ottoman bei, who exploited them to the extreme in exchange for their security. The village of Oșani, however, resisted much longer before submitting to Ahmed Beg around 1790, having benefitted from the leadership of an able captain and a willingness from the population to put up an armed resistance even after his murder.[10]

Demographic history

The number of Megleno-Romanians was estimated by different authors as follows:

Romanian schools for Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians in the Ottoman Empire (1886)

In 1900, the then province of Gevgelija, which contained most of the Megleno-Romanian settlements, had a population of 49,315, of which 20,643 Slavs, 14,900 Turks, 9,400 Christian Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians, 3,500 Muslim Megleno-Romanians, 655 Romani, and 187 Circassians. The villages of Meglen Vlachs had in 1900 the following populations:

Megleno-Romanian settlements in Greece and North Macedonia in a 1925 map
Village Population
Notia (Nânti, Nânta) 3,660
Perikleia (Birislav) 380
Lagkadia (Lugunța or Lundzini) 700
Archangelos (Oșani) 1,500
Skra (Liumnița) 2,600
Koupa (Cupa) 600
Kastaneri (Barovița) 237
Karpi (Tarnareca) 400
Huma (Uma) 490
Konsko (Coinsco) 560
Sermenin (Sirminia) 480
Livadia (Livezi, Giumala de Jos or Livãdz in Aromanian)1 2,100

1Aromanian village surrounded by the Megleno-Romanian ones.

20th century

Most Meglen Vlachs are Orthodox Christians, but the population of the village of Nânti (Nótia), which in 1900 had a population of 3,660, of which 3,500 Megleno-Romanians, in the Upper Karadjova Plain converted to Islam in the 17th or 18th century. It is the only case among Eastern Romance populations of an entire community converting to Islam.[7] The entire population of this village was expelled by force to Turkey in 1923, as part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, where they mostly settled in Kırklareli and Şarköy, and became known as Karadjovalides (Turkish: Karacaovalılar)[16] after the Turkish name of Moglen (Karacaova).[17]

Since 1913, after the Second Balkan War, there was a general policy of the Balkan states to achieve greater ethnic uniformity through exchange of population. On September 29, 1913, a first such treaty was signed between Turkey and Bulgaria regarding exchange of population up to a range of 15 km from their border. The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine (November 27, 1919) led to an exchange of 40,000 Greeks for 80,000 Bulgarians between the two countries. After the Greek-Turkish War, by the Treaty of Lausanne, 500,000 of Turks and other Muslims were exchanged for a comparable number of Asia Minor Greeks. Muslim Megleno-Romanians, despite all their protests were forcefully deported to Turkey because of their religion. A significant number of incoming Greeks were settled in Greek Macedonia and Greek Thrace, including in traditional Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian areas. Economic and social consequences soon ensued, and local conflict between Aromanians and Greeks appeared. Acts of intimidation by the Greek authorities led to the formation in 1921–1923 of a national movement among Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians favourable to the idea of emigration to Romania, especially from Moglena, Veria and Vodena.[7][18]

In 1926, about 450 families of Megleno-Romanians of Greece moved to Romania, and settled in Southern Dobruja (Cadrilater or 'Quadrilateral'), a region which became Romanian in 1913. They originated from the villages of Oșani, Liumnița, Cupa, Lundzini, Birislav, Livezi, and were settled in villages around the city of Dârstor (Silistra) such as Cocina (Turkish: "Koçina", now Profesor-Ishirkovo), Cazimir (Turkish: "Kazemir", now Kazimir), Capaclia (Turkish: "Kapaklı", now Slatina), Bazarghian (Turkish: "Bezirgan", now Miletich), Aidodu (Turkish: "Aydoğdu", now Zvezdel), Tatar Admagea (Turkish: "Tatar Atmaca", now Sokol), Uzungi Ozman (Turkish: "Uzunca Orman", now Bogdantsi), Strebarna Viskioi (Now Sreburna), Cadichioi (Turkish: "Kadıköy", now Maluk Preslavets), Haschioi (Turkish: "Hasköy", now Dobrotitsa).[7]

After Bulgaria re-acquired Southern Dobruja from Romania in 1940, the Megleno-Romanians were deported during the population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania to other regions of Romania, most of them to the village of Cerna in the Tulcea County, in northern Dobruja. 270 families of Megleno-Romanians and 158 families of Aromanians settled in this village in 1940. However, between 1940 and 1948, the Aromanian families moved to other localities of Dobruja.[7][19]

In 1947–1948, the new Communist authorities deported 40 Megleno-Romanian families from Cerna to Ialomița and Brăila Counties, and to Banat. Only a few of them returned to Cerna, where about 1,200 continue to speak Megleno-Romanian.[7]

Another wave of Megleno-Romanians emigrated to Romania and to other countries during World War II and the Greek Civil War, due to the heavy fighting in the Moglená region.[7]

Geographical distribution

Map of Megleno-Romanians settlements in Greece and North Macedonia

The following is a list of the Megleno-Romanian settlements.[20][21]

Greece

In seven villages (including one already assimilated by Greeks) and the small town of Notia, c. 4,000 Moglen Vlachs still speak their language today, while several thousand others are already assimilated:

Greece Archangelos (Megleno-Romanian: Oșani)
Greece Karpi (Megleno-Romanian: Tarnareca)
Greece Koupa (Megleno-Romanian: Cupa)
Greece Langadia (Megleno-Romanian: Lugunța, Lundzini)
Greece Notia (Megleno-Romanian: Nânti, Nânta)
Greece Perikleia (Megleno-Romanian: Birislav)
Greece Skra (Megleno-Romanian: Liumnița)

Former Megleno-Romanian village

Greece Kastaneri (Megleno-Romanian: Barovița)

North Macedonia

Less than 1,000 people of Megleno-Romanian descent, most of whom are already Slavicized, live in one village and in the town of Gevgelija. c. 200, mostly old people, still speak the Megleno-Romanian:

  • North Macedonia Huma (Megleno-Romanian: Uma)
Former Megleno-Romanian villages
  • North Macedonia Konsko (Megleno-Romanian: Coinsco)
  • North Macedonia Sermenin (Megleno-Romanian: Sirminia)

Diaspora

Turkey

The first emigration from Nanti was in 1912 to Soğucak, Vize and Demirköy, Kırklareli in the Ottoman Empire.[22] In 1923, the entire population of the village of Nânti (Nótia), the only case among Eastern Romance populations with an entire community converting to Islam,[7] was expelled by force to Turkey, as part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey.[22]

These 3,700 people mostly settled in the Edirne area (mainly in Kırklareli and Şarköy) of Turkish East Thrace, and became known as Karacaovalılar in Turkish or Karadjovalides in Greek[22] after the region of Almopia or Meglen, known in Turkish as Karadjova.[23] The Muslim Megleno-Romanians from the village Notia call thelmselves Nantinets and their language as Nantinești; in Turkish, they are known as Nutyalı. They converted to Islam in 1759. In Turkey, marriage between them and Pomaks was common.[22]

Turkey Kırklareli, near Edirne.

The number of families settled in Turkish cities and villages were: Kırklareli (110), Edirne (100), Şarköy (80), Babaeski (70), Lüleburgaz (80), Uzunköprü (100), Çorlu (100), Malkara (50), Ballı [tr] (10), Gözsüzköy (50), Kalamiş (50), Hoşköy (20), Mürefte (5), according to the German scholar Thede Kahl.

At present they number only 500 Karacaovalılar, concentrated in Kırklareli and culturally assimilated to the Turks (most of them speak mainly the Turkish language).

Romania

They adopted the Megleno-Romanian exonym promoted by the Romanian authorities. As of 1996, in the whole of Romania there were about 820 families claiming Megleno-Romanian origin.

Romania Cerna, a commune in Tulcea County,

Situated in a hilly landscape 55 km from the city of Tulcea and 25 km from Măcin, the village of Cerna had at the time of the 2002 Romanian census a population of 2,427, and together with three smaller villages the population of the entire commune was 4,227. Estimates of the number of Megleno-Romanians in this village vary from 1,200 to 2,000. In this locality, Megleno-Romanians settled according to the villages they originate from in Moglena: lumnicianii, those from Lumnița in the South-East, lunzaneții, those from Lugunța in the North, usineții, those from Oșani in the Center, North and North-East, cupineții, those from Cupa in the West, while Romanians and Bulgarians that lived in the village before them are concentrated in the Western part of the village.[7]

Megleno-Romanians in that village preserved their Megleno-Romanian language very well. c. 1,200 people speak the language today.

However, their small overall number meant that after 1950 mixed marriages with Romanians became more frequent, unlike the Aromanians who by the nature of their traditional occupations have developed a special psychology, gaining importance in Romanian society and preserving the identity of their people (very few mixed marriages with Romanians occur). However, due to the hardships this small community has endured, Megleno-Romanians in Romania remain very united, with a very acute sense of nation. During their weddings, they use the Romanian tricolor as a furglița (wedding flag), and very rarely the traditional white-red colors. This illustrates the fact that despite their distinct (albeit also Eastern Romance) language, Megleno-Romanians in Romania identify themselves as Romanians. According to one observer, they consider themselves "more Romanian than the Romanians".[7]

Very small numbers of Megleno-Romanians also live in the communes of Variaș and Biled, and in the city of Jimbolia in Timiș County, in the historic region of Banat in Romania.

In Romania, in 2021, the Balkan Romanianness Day was established as a holiday meant for all the allegedly ethnic Romanian subgroups living south of the Danube. This includes the Megleno-Romanians as well as the Aromanians and the Istro-Romanians. It commemorates the establishment of the Ullah millet in 1905[24] and is officially celebrated every 10 May.[25]

Serbia

A very small community of Megleno-Romanians also lives in Serbia, more precisely in the village of Gudurica in Vojvodina. Originally an ethnic German settlement, the Germans of the village were expelled following the capture of Gudurica by the Yugoslav Partisans. The repopulation of the settlement began in September 1945, and Slovenes, Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, Albanians and Macedonians were sent to colonize Gudurica. Among the Macedonians were some with Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian ethnicity. Both ethnic groups were not recognized as a separate ones by the Yugoslav government at the time, so they were ignored not only in what is now North Macedonia, but also in Gudurica. These Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians did not have a very strong ethnic identity, so many assimilated quickly. Some Megleno-Romanians also settled in other villages in Vojvodina, but only those in Gudurica remain today. However, they represent a very small community; as of 2014, only three people spoke Megleno-Romanian in Gudurica.[26]

Notable figures

The following is a list of notable Megleno-Romanians or people of Megleno-Romanian descent.

  • Petar Atanasov (born 1939), linguist from North Macedonia
  • Victoria Barbă (1926–2020), animated film director in Moldova of Megleno-Romanian descent
  • Ion Caramitru (1942–2021), actor and politician from Romania of Megleno-Romanian descent
  • Dumitru Cerna [ro] (born 1955), politician and poet from Romania
  • Dumitru Ciotti (1882/1885–1974), activist, editor and schoolteacher in Romania and the Ottoman Empire
  • Theodor Minda [bg] (1911–1982), poet, folklorist and activist in Romania
  • Constantin Noe (1883–1939), editor and professor in Romania
  • Vasile Șirli (born 1948), musical composer and producer from Romania

See also

References

  1. ^ Kahl (2006), pp. 80–81
  2. ^ Țîrcomnicu, Emil (2009). "Some topics of the traditional wedding customs of the Macedo–Romanians (Aromanians and Megleno–Romanians)". Romanian Journal of Population Studies. 3 (3): 141–152.
  3. ^ Nenițescu (1895), p. 384.
  4. ^ George Murnu, Istoria romanilor din Pind, Vlahia Mare 980-1259, Bucharest, 1913, p. 229-230
  5. ^ Pericle Papahagi, op. cit., p. 7
  6. ^ Ion Ghinoiu, Panteonul românesc, 2001
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tarcomnicu, Emil. "Megleno Romanaii". Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2006.
  8. ^ Teodor Capidan, Meglenoromânii, I, 1925, p. 56
  9. ^ Kahl, Thede (2014): Geographische Überlegungen zur Siedlungsgeschichte der meglenitischen Vlachen. In: Романистика и балканистика. Збoрник на трудови во чест на проф. д-р Петар Атанасов по повод 75 години од животот, eds. М. Алексоска-Чкатроска & Ј. Х.-Л. Христоска, 325-336. Скопjе: Филолошки факултет Блаже Конески.
  10. ^ Theodor Capidan, Meglenoromânii, I, 1925, pp. 21-23
  11. ^ G. Weigand, Die Vlaho-Meglen, Leipzig, 1892, p. XXVI.
  12. ^ Nenițescu (1895), p. 389.
  13. ^ V. Koncev, MAKEDOHIA, Sofia, 1900, p. 146
  14. ^ Pericle Papahagi, Megleno-Romanii. Studiu etnografico-folcloric, Bucuresti, 1902, p. 44
  15. ^ Th. Capidan (1925)
  16. ^ Kahl (2006)
  17. ^ (Kahl 2006)
  18. ^ Constantin Noe, Colonizarea Cadrilaterului, Sociologie Romaneasca, anul III (1938), nr.4-6, Bucuresti, ISR, p. 119-159
  19. ^ Țîrcomnicu, Emil (2014). "Historical aspects regarding the Megleno-Romanian groups in Greece, the FY Republic of Macedonia, Turkey and Romania" (PDF). Memoria Ethnologica. 14 (52–53): 12–29.
  20. ^ Aromanian Society of America
  21. ^ "Romania History - Meglan Vlach map". www.eliznik.org.uk. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007.
  22. ^ a b c d Kahl (2006).
  23. ^ "Α. Vacalopoulos, History of Macedonia 1354-1833 - 10.2".
  24. ^ Vușcan, Cătălin (13 May 2021). "Ziua Românității Balcanice a fost adoptată de Camera Deputaților. Frații noștri din sud vor fi sărbătoriți, anual, pe 10 mai. Bust la Corcea, Albania, pentru Părintele-martir Haralambie Balamace, ucis de greci cu baionetele pentru că a slujit în română". ActiveNews (in Romanian).
  25. ^ "Promulgat de Iohannis: Se instituie Ziua Românității Balcanice pe 10 mai". Tomis News (in Romanian). 7 June 2021.
  26. ^ Sorescu Marinković, Annemarie; Măran, Mircea (2015). "Megleno-Romanians in Serbia – shifting borders, shifting identity". Contextualizing Changes: Migrations, Shifting Borders and New Identities in Eastern Europe. pp. 365–377.

Sources

External links

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Bologna–Ancona FS ETR 500 bei ImolaFS ETR 500 bei ImolaStreckennummer (RFI):84 (Bologna–Rimini)102 (Rimini–Ancona)Kursbuchstrecke (IT):60Streckenlänge:204 kmSpurweite:1435 mm (Normalspur)Stromsystem:3 kV = Legende von Mailand (LL), von Mailand (AV) und von Verona von Pistoia und von Padua 0,000 Bologna Centrale FER nach Portomaggiore 0,330 Cabina B nach Florenz (DD), nach Florenz (AV) und linea di cintura 4,008 Bivio San Vitale FER 6,545 San Lazzaro di Savena seit…

Українське лицарство «Залізняк» — українська студентська організація у Чернівцях, яка діяла у 1934-37 роках. Зміст 1 Історія 1.1 Члени товариства 1.2 Шевченківське свято 2 Див. також 3 Джерела 4 Література Історія Місце проведення Шевченківського свята, де 25 березня 1937 року бу…

British rally co-driver (born 1966) Robert ReidReid with Richard Burns in 2001Personal informationBorn (1966-02-17) 17 February 1966 (age 57)World Rally Championship recordActive years1991–2003TeamsSubaru, Mitsubishi, PeugeotRallies103Championships1 (2001)Rally wins10Podiums34Stage wins277First rally1991 RAC RallyFirst win1998 Safari Rally KenyaLast win2001 Rally New ZealandLast rally2003 Rally Catalunya Robert Reid (born 17 February 1966) is a retired British rally co-driver who became 2…

Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada.Puedes avisar al redactor principal pegando lo siguiente en su página de discusión: {{sust:Aviso referencias|Gaspar de Rocamora y García de Lasa}} ~~~~Este aviso fue puesto el 12 de septiembre de 2023. Gaspar de Rocamora y García de Lasa II Marqués de Rafal EjercicioPredecesor Jerónimo de Rocamora y ThomasSucesor Juan de Rocamora y García de LasaInformación personalNacimiento diciembre de 1613Orih…

Ryan PhillippePhillippe at the premiere of The Bang Bang Club, during the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival.LahirMatthew Ryan PhillippeNama lainRyan PhillippePekerjaanActorTahun aktif1992–presentSuami/istriReese Witherspoon (m. 1999–2007; 2 children) Ryan Phillippe memiliki nama panjang Matthew Ryan Phillippe (lahir 10 September 1974) adalah seorang pemeran Amerika Serikat yang dikenal sebagai aktor film yang populer lewat perannya sebagai Billy Douglas dalam opera sabun ONE…

Месопотамська кампанія Перша світова війна Облога Ель-Кута.Облога Ель-Кута. Дата: 6 листопада 1914 — 14 листопада 1918 Місце: Ірак (Месопотамія) Результат: Перемога Британії, Севрський договір. Територіальні зміни: Розділ Османської імперії Сторони Британська імперія Британ…

Este artigo ou secção necessita de referências de fontes secundárias fiáveis e independentes. Fontes primárias, ou com conflitos de interesse, não são adequadas para verbetes enciclopédicos. Ajude a incluir referências.—Encontre fontes: ABW  • CAPES  • Google (N • L • A) (Julho de 2021) Politécnico do Porto Unidades Orgânicas Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto Escola Superior de Educação Ins…

PTC Creo ParametricDeveloper(s)PTCInitial release1987 (1987)Stable release10.0 / 18 April 2023 Operating systemWindowsTypeCAD, CAM, CAE, PLMLicenseTrialwareWebsiteptc.com/product/creo Creo Parametric, formerly known, together with Creo Elements/Pro, as Pro/Engineer and Wildfire, is a solid modeling or CAD, CAM, CAE, and associative 3D modeling application, running on Microsoft Windows. Creo Parametric should not be confused with Creo Elements/Direct Modeling, which was CoCreate ME10 (2D) an…

1921 film Wandering SoulsDirected byCarl FroelichWritten byFyodor Dostoyevsky (novel)Walter SupperCarl FroelichProduced byErich PommerStarringAsta NielsenAlfred AbelWalter JanssenGuido HerzfeldCinematographyAxel GraatkjærProductioncompanyRusso FilmDistributed byDecla-BioscopRelease date3 March 1921Running time123 minutesCountryGermanyLanguagesSilentGerman intertitles Wandering Souls (German: Irrende Seelen) is a 1921 German silent drama film directed by Carl Froelich and starring Asta Nielsen, …

Season of television series Big Brother MzansiSeason 3Presented byLawrence MalekaNo. of days71No. of housemates20WinnerMichelle Dimpho Mphowabadimo MvundlaRunner-upGashwen Brandon Gash1 Mthombeni Country of originSouth AfricaReleaseOriginal networkMzansi MagicDStv (live)Original release23 January (2022-01-23) –3 April 2022 (2022-04-03)Season chronology← PreviousSeason 2 Next →Season 4 Big Brother Mzansi: Beke Le Beke (also known as Big Brother Mzansi 3 or Big Broth…

Nicolás BrussinoBrussino with Argentina, in 2015.No. 9 – Casademont ZaragozaPosisiSmall forward / Shooting guardLigaLiga ACBChampions LeagueInformasi pribadiLahir2 Maret 1993 (umur 30)Cañada de Gómez, ArgentinaKebangsaanArgentine / Italian[1]Tinggi2,01 m (6 ft 7 in)Berat88 kg (195 pon)Informasi karierDraf NBA2015 / Tidak didrafKarier bermain2010–sekarangRiwayat karier2010–2012San Martín de Marcos Juárez2012–2015Regatas Corrientes2015–2…

This article contains translated text and the factual accuracy of the translation should be checked by someone fluent in Greek and English. Greek actor and director This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Giannis Bezos …

1983 video gamePoibos Part 1Developer(s)ZAT-SOFTPublisher(s)Daimyo microcomputer academyPlatform(s)NEC PC-6001, NEC PC-8001, NEC PC-8801, NEC PC-9801, FM-7, Sharp MZ, Sharp X1ReleaseJP: November 9, 1983[1]Genre(s)Role-playing gameMode(s)Single-player Poibos Part 1: Dasshutsu (ポイボスPart1 脱出, lit. Poibos Part 1: Escape) is a sci-fi role-playing video game released by ZAT-SOFT for various computer platforms in Japan in 1983. It was originally developed on the premise of…

Mechanical device that is used to adjust the tension of a rope For other uses, see Winch (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Winch – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Self-tailing winch on a sailboat. A …

Bus company operating services in Greater London Not to be confused with Arriva Rail London. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Arriva London – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Arriva LondonNew Routemaster on route 73 on…

Museum in Greece around ancient Macedonian tombs Museum of the Royal Tombs of Aigai (Vergina)Entrance to the Royal Tombs of Aigai Museum in Vergina, GreeceEstablished1997LocationVergina, Central Macedonia, GreeceCoordinates40°29′N 22°19′E / 40.483°N 22.317°E / 40.483; 22.317TypeArchaeologicalWebsitehttps://www.aigai.gr/en/visit UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial nameArchaeological Site of Aigai (modern name Vergina)CriteriaCultural: i, iiiReference780Inscript…

Leader of the Welsh Conservatives Andrew RT DaviesCBE MSDavies in 2016Leader of the Welsh Conservative Group in the SeneddIncumbentAssumed office 24 January 2021LeaderBoris JohnsonLiz TrussRishi SunakPreceded byPaul DaviesIn office14 July 2011 – 27 June 2018DeputyPaul DaviesLeaderDavid Cameron Theresa MayPreceded byNick BourneSucceeded byPaul DaviesLeader of the OppositionIncumbentAssumed office 24 January 2021MonarchsElizabeth IICharles IIIFirst MinisterMark DrakefordPreceded…

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