Mean platelet volume

Mean platelet volume
Purpose	can be used to make inferences about platelet production in bone marrow or platelet destruction problems

Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of platelets found in blood and is typically included in blood tests as part of the CBC. Since the average platelet size is larger when the body is producing increased numbers of platelets, the MPV test results can be used to make inferences about platelet production in bone marrow or platelet destruction problems.^[1]

An increased mean platelet volume (MPV) increases the risk to suffer a heart disease ^[2]

MPV may be higher when there is destruction of platelets. This may be seen in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), myeloproliferative diseases and Bernard–Soulier syndrome. It may also be related to pre-eclampsia and recovery from transient hypoplasia.^[3]

Abnormally low MPV values may correlate with thrombocytopenia when it is due to impaired production of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, such as in aplastic anemia. A low MPV may indicate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.^[4] A high MPV is also a bad prognostic marker in patients with sepsis or septic shock.^[5][6] In addition, low MPV may correlate with abnormally small platelet size, sometimes a symptom of a spectrum referred to as Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS),^[7] caused by a genetic mutation of the WAS gene.

Sample for MPV testing is obtained in a Lavender-Top EDTA tube. A typical range of platelet volumes is 7.2 - 11.7 fL^[8] (femtolitre), equivalent to spheres 2.65 to 2.9 μm in diameter.

Conditions associated with altered MPV

Decreased MPV

• Cytotoxic chemotherapy
• Hypersplenism
• Reactive thrombocytosis
• Iron-deficiency anemia
• Gilbert's syndrome
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
• X linked thrombocytopenia
• Crohn's disease
• Ulcerative colitis
• Aplastic anemia
• Megaloblastic anemia^[9]

Increased MPV

• Immune thrombocytopenia
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Myeloproliferative disorders
• Administration of erythropoietin / thrombopoietin
• Recovery from transient hypoplasia
• Gray platelet syndrome
• GATA-1 mutation
• vWD Type 2B
• Platelet Type vWD
• Paris-Trousseau syndrome^[10]
• Mediterranean macrothrombocytopenia
• Bernard–Soulier syndrome^[11]
• MYH9-related disorders
• 21q11 deletion syndrome
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia
• Post-splenectomy
• Vasculitis
• Diabetes mellitus
• Pre-eclampsia
• Chronic kidney disease
• Respiratory diseases
• Thrombocytopenia secondary to sepsis
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Myocardial infarction
• Artificial heart valves
• Massive hemorrhage

Inherited thrombocytopenia with normal MPV

• ATRUS Syndrome
• Thrombocytopenia 2 (THC2)
• Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
• TAR syndrome
• Familial platelet disorder with predisposition to AML

References

1. "Complete Blood Count (CBC)". Testing.com.
2. Slavka, Georg; Perkmann, Thomas; Haslacher, Helmuth; Greisenegger, Stefan; Marsik, Claudia; Wagner, Oswald F.; Endler, Georg (February 2012). "Mean Platelet Volume May Represent a Predictive Parameter for Overall Vascular Mortality and Ischemic Heart Disease". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 31 (5): 1215–1218. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.221788. PMID 21330610. S2CID 85367.
3. Lippi G, Filippozzi L, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M, Franchini M, Guidi GC, Targher G (September 2009). "Increased mean platelet volume in patients with acute coronary syndromes". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 133 (9): 1441–3. doi:10.5858/133.9.1441. PMID 19722752.
4. Liu S, Ren J, Han G, Wang G, Gu G, Xia Q, Li J (October 2012). "Mean platelet volume: a controversial marker of disease activity in Crohn's disease". European Journal of Medical Research. 17 (1): 27. doi:10.1186/2047-783x-17-27. PMC 3519557. PMID 23058104.
5. Mangalesh S, Dudani S, Malik A (March 2021). "Platelet Indices and Their Kinetics Predict Mortality in Patients of Sepsis". Indian Journal of Hematology & Blood Transfusion. 37 (4): 600–608. doi:10.1007/s12288-021-01411-2. PMC 7988247. PMID 33776267.
6. Gao Y, Li Y, Yu X, Guo S, Ji X, Sun T, et al. (2014-08-13). Stover CM (ed.). "The impact of various platelet indices as prognostic markers of septic shock". PLOS ONE. 9 (8): e103761. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j3761G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103761. PMC 4131909. PMID 25118886.
7. "Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome". Immune Deficiency Foundation. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
8. Demirin H, Ozhan H, Ucgun T, Celer A, Bulur S, Cil H, Gunes C, Yildirim HA (May 28, 2011). "Normal range of mean platelet volume in healthy subjects: Insight from a large epidemiologic study". Thrombosis Research. 128 (4): 358–360. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.05.007. PMID 21620440. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
9. McClatchey KD (2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511.
10. "Paris-Trousseau syndrome". MrLabTest. Retrieved 2022-05-10.
11. Geil GD (7 August 2020). Yaish HM (ed.). "Bernard-Soulier Syndrome Workup: Approach Considerations". emedicine.staging.medscape.com. Retrieved 2018-02-22.

Further reading

• Davis PD, Nabili SN (27 August 2020). Shiel Jr WC (ed.). "What Is Thrombocytopenia (Low Platelet Count)?". Medicinenet.com.
• Slavka G, Perkmann T, Haslacher H, Greisenegger S, Marsik C, Wagner OF, Endler G (May 2011). "Mean platelet volume may represent a predictive parameter for overall vascular mortality and ischemic heart disease". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 31 (5): 1215–8. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.221788. PMID 21330610.
• Bessman JD, Gilmer PR, Gardner FH (1985). "Use of mean platelet volume improves detection of platelet disorders". Blood Cells. 11 (1): 127–35. PMID 4074887.