Mboyo began her recording career at the age of 15 as a member of Abeti Masikini's band Les Redoutables and later worked with Sam Mangwana.[16] She gained significant recognition after joining Tabu Ley Rochereau's Afrisa International in 1981, debuting with the 1982 hit "Mpeve Ya Longo" from the album Bel Ley.[17][18][13][19] Mboyo's jointly composed song "Eswi Yo Wapi" with Tabu Ley on the titular album, which was awarded for the Best Song, and she was named as the Best New Artist.[20][21][22]
Following several recordings and tours with Afrisa International, she debuted her 1988 solo studio album, Phénomène.[23][13] In 1991, she released her second studio album, Désolé!!!,[12][24] followed by 8/10 Benedicta (1993).[25] Her fourth studio album, Yalowa, released in 1996,[26][27] earned her the Best Singer of the Year from ACMCO (Association des Chroniqueurs de Musique du Congo).[13] In 2001, Mboyo released her fifth studio album, Welcome,[28] and was honored as the Best Singer of 2002 by ACMCO.[29] Mboyo won the Best Central Africa Female at the Kora Awards in December 2003.[30][31][32] In 2004, she released her sixth studio album, Belissimo,[23][13] followed by The Queen (2011),[33][23]Royaume d'amour (2014),[34]Signature 8646 (2017),[15][14] and Big Mama (2021).[35]
Early years
M'bilia Bel was born Marie-Claire Mboyo Moseka on 10 January 1959 in what was formerly known as the Belgian Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), to Mbala Mbondi and Mboyo Mbilia.[17][36][18] Her father, Mbala Mbondi, known as "Louis XIV", was a charanga dancer in Bumba, Mongala Province. She completed six years of primary school and pursued studies in Humanities, which she did not finish.[17] Mboyo developed a passion for music after being bedazzled by Togolese singer Bella Bellow during her 1969 tour of Zaire.[17][18][23] She initially engaged in singing as a backup vocalist within the Catholic parish spanning 12 neighborhoods in the N'Djili commune.[17][18][23]
Career
1979–1987: Les Redoutables, Sam Mangwana and Afrisa International
In 1974, at the age of 15, Mboyo responded to a radio advertisement soliciting backing singers for Abeti Masikini's group, Les Redoutables.[16][17] Following a successful audition, she was inducted into the group.[16][17][18] A few months later, Mboyo departed from Les Redoutables and chose to undertake a year-long sabbatical. She subsequently rejoined Les Redoutables in 1979 at Abeti's behest but once more exited in 1980 to pursue academic aspirations, enrolling in an institution in Gombe for executive secretarial training.[17][18] In mid-1981, Mboyo was offered the chance by Sam Mangwana to accompany the Bo-Bongo orchestra for some concerts.[17] During this period, Sam Mangwana introduced Mboyo on the Zaire N°1 show by Benoit Lukunku Sampu, which catapulted her into prominence at the Mama Angebi studio of the Office Zaïrois de Radio Télévision (OZRT).[17][18]
Following disillusionment during a tour in Shaba, Mboyo parted ways with Sam.[17][18] Michel Sax, a saxophonist with Tabu Ley Rochereau's orchestra Afrisa International, recommended Mboyo to Tabu Ley as a substitute for the Yondo Sisters, two singing and dancing siblings who had vacated Afrisa International.[17][18][37][38] Impressed by her audition, Tabu Ley promptly renamed her "M'bilia Bel".[17][18]
M'bilia Bel's debut song with Afrisa International, "Mpeve Ya Longo", which came out in early 1982 on the album Bel Ley, addresses the issue of spousal abuse.[17][18][13] In the song, she narrates the ordeal of a woman abandoned by her husband and had to raise her children alone.[17] "Mpeve Ya Longo" struck a chord with women and received widespread recognition nationwide, with a debut tour alongside Tabu Ley in Angola and Kenya.[17][13][39][16] This was followed by the Tabu Ley-composed single "Yamba Ngai", which also debuted in the same year.[13] By the following year, M'bilia Bel had earned the sobriquet "Cleopatra of Zairean music".[13] She co-wrote and performed on Afrisa International's album Eswi Yo Wapi, which was produced in France and subsequently distributed across various African nations, including Kenya and Zaire.[20][40][41] The album's eponymous single won Best Song, and M'bilia Bel was awarded as the Best New Artist.[21][22] The song was listed among the "100 Greatest African Songs of All Time" by the Kenyan weekly magazine Daily Nation.[42] Afrisa's popularity began to rival that of François Luambo's band OK Jazz.[43] During that year, M'bilia Bel was featured on Afrisa International's album Faux Pas, which was released by Genidia, a label owned by Tabu Ley.[13][44] In 1984, she appeared in Afrisa International's production, Loyenghe, and subsequently performed four politically charged songs with the orchestra: "Mobutu Peuple Ba Vote Yo Massivement", "Otumoli Mobutu Otumoli Ba Mama", "La Zaïroise", and "Candidat Ya MPR: Mobutu". These tracks supported Mobutu Sese Seko's regime and its political propaganda promoting the one-party state's ideology of Authenticité, which emphasized traditional elements to bolster the regime's image.[45][46][47] That same year, she contributed to two albums and one joint album, including Bameli Soy, Ba Gerants Ya Mabala, and the four-track collaboration Keyna Et Cadence Mudanda, which included the hit single "Nakei Nairobi" praising Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi and brought her significant acclaim across Africa.[48][49][50][13] "Nakei Nairobi" was included in the "100 Greatest African Songs of All Time" by Daily Nation.[42]
In 1985, M'bilia Bel performed with Afrisa International on two albums: Boya Ye, released in the UK by Sterns, and La Beauté D'Une Femme.[44] She also performed on the standalone single "Shauri Yako" with Tabu Ley and Afrisa International and made her British debut at the World of Music, Arts and Dance festival at Mersea Island in Essex, performing alongside artists like New Order, The Fall, Toots & The Maytals, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, The Pogues, A Certain Ratio, and Penguin Cafe Orchestra.[51][52] During the mid-1980s, M'bilia Bel married Tabu Ley and they had a daughter named Melody Tabu.[22] In 1986, Tabu Ley enlisted another female singer, Thérèse Kishila Ngoyi (popularly known as Faya Tess).[22] That same year, Afrisa International embarked on a tour of East Africa, performing in Kenya, Tanzania, and Rwanda, culminating in the album Nadina, which featured both Lingala and Swahili versions of the title track.[22] The tour was well-received. M'bilia Bel took center stage, overshadowing other Afrisa International artists, including Ndombe Opetum, who had returned from OK Jazz.[22] Following their return to Kinshasa, rumors began circulating about a rift between Tabu Ley and M'bilia Bel. Both denied any discord when speaking to the press, and she rejoined Tabu Ley in 1987 for the Genidia-produced album Beyanga.[22][53][54]
Solo career
1988–1995: Departure from Afrisa International and releases
The recruitment of Faya Tess continued to fuel internal discord within Afrisa International, impacting the orchestra's consistency on their forthcoming record Contre ma volonté.[13][23] M'bilia Bel departed from Afrisa International to pursue a solo career, citing the lack of transparency in management and the conflation of professional and personal relationships.[23][13] She briefly collaborated with a Gabonese producer in Libreville before relocating to Paris, where she joined forces with guitarist Rigo Star Bamundele.[22]
In 1988, M'bilia Bel debuted with her solo studio album Phénomène, which includes six songs.[23][13] It was produced by her record label, Mbilia Production, and distributed through Mélodie Distribution.[23][13][55]Phénomene was recorded at Studio Davout. Rigo Star Bamundele arranged, provided backing vocals, and mixed the album at Studio Plus XXX.[23][13][55] The album achieved immense success in Kinshasa and Brazzaville, as well as internationally. The album's eponymous single and "Tika Bazuwa" teased her stormy relationship with Tabu Ley.[23][13][55]
In 1989, M'bilia Bel teamed up with Rigo Star and Madilu System for a trio album project called Exploration, which blended Congolese rumba, soukous, and rap.[12] Produced by Kilimanjaro Int'l Productions and distributed internationally, the album was reissued in CD format in 1997 by Terrascape in Belgium.[56][57]
M'bilia Bel released her second studio album, Désolé!!!, in 1991.[12][24] It was co-produced by Celluloid, a French record label, and KS Production and consisted of eight tracks available in both LP and CD formats.[58] The music was conceived, arranged, and programmed by Rigo Star, who included drums, percussion, and synthesizers. Rigo Star played all guitar and bass parts and contributed to the backing vocals.[59] M'bilia Bel then worked with Rigo Star on a joint album titled Ironie, which came out in 1993. The nine-track album was produced by Celluloid, with Rigo Star handling the production and musical arrangement.[60][61] That same year, M'bilia Bel released the ten-track album 8/10 Benedicta, produced by A Music Production in Belgium and later reissued in 1994 by SonoDisc in France.[25][62]
1996–2005: from Yalowa to Belissimo
M'bilia Bel's fourth studio album, Yalowa, came out in 1996 in the United States under IMA Records.[26][27] The record, which contains ten tracks, was written and arranged by Rigo Star and included a guest appearance by Vivick Matoua.[26][27]Yalowa received praise for its production quality and rich musical support, with JazzTimes magazine lauding its "beautiful melodies".[53][63] In a review for RootsWorld, Opiyo Oloya characterized the album as a "sacrilegious cross-breeding of African and western pop rhythms," noting subtle soukous influences that did not dominate the music.[64] After nearly six years in Paris expanding her European audience, M'bilia Bel returned to Zaire in 1996 to re-establish herself in the Zairean music scene.[65] She guest-performed on Simaro Lutumba's 1997 album Trahison, which commemorates thirty-six years of Lutumba's musical and artistic career. M'bilia Bel performs the song "Mama Kulutu" in a duet with Pépé Kallé on the album.[23][13] The song addresses polygamy, mainly focusing on the grievances of the second wife, who is constantly berated by the first wife.[13] That same year, M'bilia Bel was awarded the Best Singer of the Year by the ACMCO (Association des Chroniqueurs de Musique du Congo).[13]
In October 2001, M'bilia Bel announced to Le Phare that her upcoming album Welcome was in the conclusive phases of production and slated for debut on 15 November.[28] Comprising ten tracks, the album was produced by Syllart Productions, a France-based label specializing in African and Afro-Latin music established by Senegalese producer Ibrahima Sylla.[30][23][13] Executive producer Waly Timera oversaw its distribution by Next Music and Sono.[23][30]Welcome was recorded at Studio Recorder, with Hervé Marignac managing the mixing, and the arrangements managed by Manu Lima and Souzy Kasseya.[30][23][13] However, the Congolese National Commission for Censorship of Songs and Shows (CNCCS) interdicted its three singles from television due to alleged obscenities in the tracks.[67] Without any changes to the visuals, the same music videos eventually reappeared on television channels for public airing.[67] Despite the ban, she promoted the album with a sold-out show at Pullman Kinshasa Grand Hotel on 9 November 2002, where she performed alongside Tshala Muana.[68] She subsequently took part in the Empire Fondation orchestra's concert at Pullman Kinshasa Grand Hotel on November 30 and appeared at Empire Foundation's debut concert at the LSC in Paris on 27 March 2003.[69][70] In July 2003, M'bilia Bel won ACMCO's Best Singer of 2002 in their annual referendum,[29] and in December, Welcome's breakout single "Douceur" earned her the Best Central Africa Female accolade at the Kora Awards in Sun City.[30][31][32]
From 27 September to 9 October 2004, M'bilia Bel performed at Pullman Kinshasa Grand Hotel for the commemorative events marking the tenth anniversary of Abeti Masikini's death.[71] The event was coordinated by the Abeti Masikini Foundation in conjunction with Akueson Worldwide of France and Shabani Records of the DRC.[71] Later that year, M'bilia Bel released her ten-track album Belissimo, which was produced by Syllart Productions and distributed by Stern's Africa in the UK. Belissimo was arranged by Souzy Kasseya and includes backing vocals from Awa Maïga, Melodie Tabu, Monique Ouadjah Koko, Prince Lessa Lassan, and Shakembo.[23][13][66] The album was recorded at Studio Recorder in Paris, with Etienne Colin as the sound engineer.[23][13] To promote Belissimo, M'bilia Bel hosted a show in Kenya in May 2005 and then presented a VIP performance at Sheraton Kampala Hotel on 2 September, with another concert at Mayfair Hotel in Jinja, on 3 September.[72][73] She further promoted the album with a tour spanning Dubai, Ethiopia, Zambia, Namibia, and Tanzania.[72] On 13 October, M'bilia Bel was nominated for Best Female Artist at the Kora Awards.[74]
2006–2014: from "Kokoka" to The Queen
In 2006, M'bilia Bel collaborated with Kenyan singer Suzanna Owíyo on the single "Kokoka", which earned them a nomination for Best Collaboration at the 7th edition of Kisima Music Awards.[75][76][77] In October 2007, M'bilia Bel embarked on a tour of Kenya, headlining two concerts, one of which was the Luo Sigalagala event organized by the GoDown Arts Centre.[78] On 29 March 2008, she appeared at Simaro Lutumba's Vivement Simaro, merci l'artiste concert at the Pullman Kinshasa Grand Hotel to celebrate his 70th birthday,[79][80][81] and later performed at Tshala Muana's concert at the same venue to mark her 30-year music career.[82][83] In June 2009, she collaborated with Lutumaba Simaro to interpret his song "Mobali Ya Bato", which quickly peaked atop the Congolese charts.[23][65][13]
In September 2009, M'bilia Bel was part of the opening song for the 29th SADC summit, which was recorded in Kinshasa with other Congolese artists and subsequently played at the summit's opening ceremony.[84][85][86] On 17 October, she performed at the Pullman Kinshasa Grand Hotel in tribute to Franco Luambo, with former OK Jazz members and contemporary rumba artists, including Koffi Olomide, Malage de Lugendo, Papa Noël Nedule, Wuta Mayi, Edo Nganga, Michel Boyibanda, Jossart N'Yoka Longo, Bozi Boziana, Manda Chante, Papa Wemba, Tshala Muana, Simaro Lutumba, and Bana Ok.[87] On 28 May the next year, she participated in the Élection de Miss Tshangu, which was part of the 6th edition of the Festival Socioculturel de la Tshangu (Festsha) held at Hotel Apocalypse 22 in the Masina commune.[88] Following her Canadian tour, she graced the closing of the 3rd edition of the Afro-Colombian Champeta Festival at Plaza de la Aduana in Cartagena, Colombia, in August 2010. During this performance, M'bilia Bel was accompanied by guitarist Lokassa Ya Mbongo, and the event was attended by the city's mayor, Judith Pinedo Flórez.[89][90][91]
In early December 2010, M'bilia Bel announced that her upcoming thirteen-track album, The Queen, was nearing completion.[13] Initially scheduled for release on 12 December in Paris and 15 December in Kinshasa and Brazzaville, The Queen was ultimately launched in early 2011.[13][33][23] The record, produced by Syllart Productions, featured Manu Lima on bass and keyboards, as well as Dally Kimoko and Fofo Le Collegien on lead guitar, with backing vocals provided by Ballou Canta, Denis Tshibayi, Khady Mbaye, Mariam Coulibaly, Nyboma Mwan'dido, Pamela Badiogo, and Serge Mabiala.[13] Guinean singer Sékouba Bambino also made a guest appearance on lead vocals alongside Nyboma.[23][13]The Queen was a blend of Congolese rumba and zouk.[23][13] The album's breakout single "Immigration Fatale" (featuring Nyboma & Sékouba Bambino) garnered significant success due to its message about the plight of African children who risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea in pursuit of a better future in Europe.[13] She supported the album with a sold-out performance at Nuit de la Francophonie hosted at Stade des Martyrs on 10 October 2012 as part of the events planned for the 14th summit of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.[92][93][94][95]
In July 2013, M'bilia Bel and Tshala Muana were special guests at Yvonne Chaka Chaka's performance at Stade Félix Éboué in Brazzaville during the ninth edition of Pan-African Music Festival (Fespam).[96][97][98] She then went on to perform in Golungo Alto, Cuanza Norte Province of Angola,[99][100] and followed it up with a show at Pullman Kinshasa Grand Hotel to celebrate Tshala Muana's 35-year music career.[101][102] On 21 September 2014, M'bilia Bel teamed up with Didier Awadi, Hanisha Solomon, Naledi Ya Tshwane, Ray-Son, Simply Chrysolite, and Femi Kuti for a pro bono performance at Warner Theatre in Washington for PAD's Stop Africa Land Grab Concert, aimed at raising awareness about the massive land acquisitions in Africa by foreign investors, which often lead to food shortages and conditions that allow the Ebola virus to thrive.[103][104]
2014–2021: from Royaume d'amour to Signature 8646
In December 2014, M'bilia Bel released a maxi-single titled Royaume d'amour, with recording done in Brazzaville and Libreville and production by Claudi Nyere.[34] On 8 March the following year, M'bilia Bel performed in Pointe-Noire for International Women's Day and subsequently made a guest appearance on SOS Salsa's album Wo Wo Wo.[105][106][107] In July 2015, she played at Stade Félix Éboué during the 10th edition of Fespam.[108][109][110] The following year, in July, M'bilia Bel performed at a concert by Krist Duford Productions at the La Détente bar in Bacongo to honor mothers.[111][112]
M'bilia Bel commenced work on her 18-track double album Signature 8646 in mid-2016.[113] In an interview with Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, she stated that Signature 8646 would be her final album.[114] Initially set for release on 25 January 2017, ten days after her birthday celebration,[115] the album was officially launched on 10 May and was produced by Eagle Center in Moungali, with Claudrick Miéré as the producer.[15][14]Signature 8646 is a fusion of Congolese rumba and soukous. It explored themes of love, jealousy, sentimentality, and education.[14][15] To promote Signature 8646, M'bilia Bel set off on her "Kenya Peace Tour", with shows in Nairobi and Kisumu.[116][117] The first concert marked the 57th anniversary of Congolese Independence Day at the New Meladen Club in Upper Hill, where she urged her fans to champion peace and brotherhood.[117] She then performed at Kisumu's Victoria Railway Club, alongside Kenyan artists Lady Maureen and Madanji Perimeter.[116][117] On 16 December, M'bilia Bel and Tshala Muana took the stage as guests for Barbara Kanam's concert at Kinshasa's SHOWBUZZ performing arts center.[118]
In January 2018, M'bilia Bel appeared on Tshala Muana's Congolese rumba-inspired song "Don De Dieu".[119] The next month, she collaborated on Romain Gardon's single "Dis-moi maman".[120] On 25 May, she appeared on Iyenga's debut studio album Lonkaya.[121] She subsequently performed at the second International Rumba Festival at Béatrice Hotel in Kinshasa, which paid tribute to her late husband and mentor, Tabu Ley Rochereau.[122][123] On December 7, M'bilia Bel headlined the final edition of the year's Kigali Jazz Junction in Kigali, where she shared the stage with Mike Kayihura and the Netunez Band.[124]
On 31 January 2019, M'bilia Bel made a guest appearance on Ninita's single "Pardonne-moi", which Ninita described as her most successful collaboration in an interview with Les Dépêches de Brazzaville.[125][126] On 23 March, she was the headliner at the "Concert de la Francophonie" alongside Jean Goubald Kalala and Fanie Fayar at the Halle de la Gombe in Kinshasa.[127][128] This event, organized by Orchestre Symphonique Kimbanguiste, spotlighted notable French music and honored Congolese artists.[127][128] On 1 December, M'bilia Bel headlined the second day of the 28th edition of the Koroga Festival at the Bomas of Kenya, sharing the stage with her London-based countryman Kanda Bongo Man.[129][130][131]
In February 2020 she appeared as one of the main acts at Festival Amani where she was appreciated by the 36,000 attendees. Her set included popular 1980s tracks "Mpeve Ya Longo" and "Yamba Ngai".[132] She was scheduled to perform at Casino de Montbenon on 14 March in Lausanne, Switzerland, but the event was called off because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[133][134] On 25 August, she performed with Les Bantous de la Capitale and other Brazzaville and Kinshasa artists at Maïsha Life in Kinshasa to mark Congolese rumba singer Jeannot Bombenga's 86th birthday.[135]
2021–present: Big Mama
In September 2020, M'bilia Bel, along with her manager, Jules Nsana, made an official visit to the Congolese First Lady, Denise Nyakéru Tshisekedi, where she announced plans to celebrate her 40th anniversary in the music industry with a concert on her birthday.[136][137][138] Denise endorsed the event, which was set to take place at Pullman Kinshasa Grand Hotel.[137] However, the concert was postponed to 13 February 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[35][139] On 3 February 2021, M'bilia Bel released the maxi-single Big Mama as a gesture to console her fandom following the event's delay.[35]Big Mama was produced by Nsana Production and her agent, Mélody Tabu.[35]
She was set to perform at Santamaría Bullring on 30 June 2024 as the main act on the second day of the Festival Vive La Salsa with other co-headliners.[145] However, her set was postponed due to challenges obtaining a travel visa from the Colombian Embassy in Kenya.[145]El Universal reported that civil protests were happening in Nairobi, where the embassy is based.[145] These protests, incited by a contentious finance bill, disrupted operations and rendered it infeasible for M'bilia Bel to travel to Cartagena in time for the festival.[145]
^ abGankama, Durly-Emilia (22 March 2014). "Souvenirs: Mbilia Bel dans 'Eswi yo wapi'" [Memories: Mbilia Bel in "Eswi yo wapi"]. Adiac-congo.com (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^ abKisangani, Emizet Francois; Bobb, Scott F. (2010). Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lanham, Maryland, United States: Scarecrow Press. p. 335. ISBN9780810863255.
^Kazadi, Désiré-Israel (12 November 2002). "Congo-Kinshasa: Tshala Muana a enivré les Kinois avec le "Mutuashi"" [Congo-Kinshasa: Tshala Muana intoxicated the people of Kinshasa with "Mutuashi"]. Lephareonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
^Nkutu, JP. (22 November 2002). "Congo-Kinshasa: Empire Fondation se souvient de Pepé Kallé" [Congo-Kinshasa: Empire Foundation remembers Pepé Kallé]. Lephareonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
^Nkutu, Jean-Pierre (14 March 2003). "Congo-Kinshasa: Empire Fondation au LSC avec Mbilia Bel" [Congo-Kinshasa: Empire Foundation at LSC with Mbilia Bel]. Lephareonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
^Diop, Jeannot Ne Nzau (22 March 2008). "Congo-Kinshasa: 19 mars 1938 - 19 mars 2008" [Congo-Kinshasa: March 19, 1938 - March 19, 2008]. Lepotentiel.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
^Diop, Jeannot ne Nzau (20 May 2008). "Congo-Kinshasa: Tshala Muana a été honorée à Brazzaville" [Congo-Kinshasa: Tshala Muana was honored in Brazzaville]. Lepotentiel.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
^Orozco Ramos, Dalida. ""La champeta es hija del soukous": Lokassa ya M'bongo" ["The champeta is the daughter of the soukous": Lokassa ya M'bongo]. El Heraldo (in Spanish). Barranquilla, Colombia. p. 18 October 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2023. Antes de hacerle la primera pregunta, dice en lingala (su lengua natural) que está feliz en Cartagena. "Aquí se dio el fenómeno más importante de mi vida musical. Desde que vine por primera vez (1980), no pude evitar contagiarme con el calor humano y la amabilidad de la gente. Yo me siento como un cartagenero más, y hasta tengo las llaves de la ciudad", dice con orgullo para referirse a la visita de 2010, en la que recibió las llaves de la ciudad Heroica, junto a la otra estrella de la música africana, la gran Mbilia Bel, intérprete de temas como Mobali Na Ngai Wana (La Bollona).
^Kadima-Nzuji, Madimba (15 July 2013). "Congo-Brazzaville: Fespam 2013 - une cuvée musicale de choix" [Congo-Brazzaville: Fespam 2013 - a musical vintage of choice]. Lepotentiel.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^"Afrique: Au pas du FESPAM" [Africa: In step with FESPAM]. Africa Info (in French). Douala, Cameroon. 15 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^Okokana, Bruno (20 July 2013). "Fespam 2013: une clôture qui surprend le public" [Fespam 2013: a closing that surprises the public]. Adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^Mabonzo, Hugues Prosper (5 March 2015). "8 mars: Mbilia Bel attendue à Pointe-Noire pour un concert" [March 8: Mbilia Bel expected in Pointe-Noire for a concert]. Adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^Okokana, Bruno (9 May 2015). "Musique: S.O.S Salsa 20 ans de scène déjà" [Music: SOS Salsa 20 years on stage already]. Adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^Okokana, Bruno (25 July 2015). "Fespam 2015 : retour sur les temps forts" [Fespam 2015 : retour sur les temps forts]. Adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^Okokana, Bruno (1 August 2016). "Musique: Mbilia Bel très phénoménale à la Détente" [Music: Mbilia Bel very phenomenal at the Détente]. Adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^Gankama, Durly Emilia (5 February 2018). "Actu en bref" [News in brief]. Adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
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Djembe Djembe, disebut juga sebagai Jimbe dalam bahasa Indonesia, merupakan alat musik pukul yang dimainkan dengan cara memukul menggunakan jari atau telapak tangan. Badan Djembe umumnya terbuat dari kayu yang dipahat menggunakan mesin atau secara tradisional menggunakan pahat tangan dengan bentuk menyerupai cawan atau piala. Bagian atas sebagai selaput yang menghasilkan getaran jika dipukul biasanya terbuat dari kulit hewan seperti kambing, sapi, atau hewan lainnya yang telah dikeringkan. Pa...
Nuela CharlesBackground informationBirth nameManuela WüthrichBornKenyaOriginEdmonton, Alberta, CanadaGenresPop, soul, r&b, jazz, hip hopOccupation(s)Singer, songwriterInstrument(s)vocalsYears active2012–presentWebsitenuelacharles.comMusical artist Manuela Wüthrich, who goes by the stage name Nuela Charles, is a Canadian, Swiss, and Kenyan musician, who plays a style of soul, pop, r&b, jazz and hip hop music.[1] She has released four musical works, Aware (2012), and the Jun...
Nuno Teotónio Pereira Información personalNombre de nacimiento Nuno Theotónio Pereira Nacimiento 30 de enero de 1922 Lisboa (Portugal) Fallecimiento 20 de enero de 2016 (93 años)Lisboa (Portugal) Nacionalidad PortuguesaFamiliaPadre Luís Teotónio Pereira Cónyuge Maria Natália Duarte Silva Información profesionalOcupación Arquitecto y político Cargos ocupados sin etiquetar (desde 1977) Partido político Movimiento de Izquierda SocialistaGDUP's Distinciones Gran Cruz de la Orden ...
Specifies a range of position-dependent colors A linear, or axial, color gradient In color science, a color gradient (also known as a color ramp or a color progression) specifies a range of position-dependent colors, usually used to fill a region. In assigning colors to a set of values, a gradient is a continuous colormap, a type of color scheme. In computer graphics, the term swatch[1] has come to mean a palette of active colors. real world color gradients or swatch books RAL CLASSIC...
American basketball player and coach For the painter, illustrator and designer, see David Emmanuel Noel. David NoelNoel at men's World Cup Qualifying game in 2022Motor City CruisePositionAssistant coachLeagueNBA G LeaguePersonal informationBorn (1984-02-27) February 27, 1984 (age 39)Durham, North Carolina, U.S.Listed height6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)Listed weight230 lb (104 kg)Career informationHigh schoolSouthern (Durham, North Carolina)CollegeNorth Carolina (2002–2006...
2007 film by Avi Nesher The SecretsDirected byAvi NesherStarringAnia BuksteinMichal ShtamlerFanny ArdantAdir MillerGuri AlfiAlma ZackDana IvgySefi RivlinRivka MichaeliCinematographyMichel AbramowiczRelease date 14 June 2007 (2007-06-14) (Israel) CountryIsraelLanguageHebrew The Secrets (Hebrew: הסודות) is a 2007 Israeli drama film directed by Avi Nesher. Synopsis Noemi is a young devoted Jewish girl who has just lost her mother and who is close to celebrate a marriage ...
Brazilian mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter Patricky PitbullBornPatricky Freire (1986-01-21) January 21, 1986 (age 37)Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilResidenceNatal, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilNationalityBrazilianHeight5 ft 7 in (1.70 m)Weight155 lb (70 kg; 11.1 st)DivisionLightweightReach71 in (180 cm)StyleKickboxing, BJJFighting out ofNatal, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilTeamPitbull BrothersRankBlack belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsuYears active2005...
American magician For the American Impressionist painter, see John Elwood Bundy. John Bundy is an American magician and magic consultant based in South Plainfield, New Jersey.[1] He is owner of John Bundy Productions, a company that produces shows for theme parks and corporate events and provides technical advice for television, movies and stage shows. As a performer, Bundy specialises in magic with a humorous edge and in shows with horror and Halloween themes. For some of his perform...
Cet article est une ébauche concernant le Loiret et l’éducation. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Cette page présente la liste des lycées du département français du Loiret. L'inspection académique du Loiret compte 32 lycées répartis sur 15 communes. En 2009, les effectifs des lycées d’enseignement général et technologique étaient environ deux fois et demi plus importants que ceux o...
Cet article est une ébauche concernant le Concours Eurovision de la chanson et l’Espagne. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) ; pour plus d’indications, visitez le projet Eurovision. Espagneau Concours Eurovision 2020 Données clés Pays Espagne Chanson Universo Interprète Blas Cantó Sélection nationale Radiodiffuseur RTVE Type de sélection Sélection interne Date 5 octobre 2019 (artiste)30 janvier 2020 (chanson) Concours Eurovision d...
Community area in Chicago Community area in Illinois, United StatesEdgewaterCommunity areaCommunity Area 77 - EdgewaterEdgewater, Chicago, IllinoisEdgewater, ChicagoLocation within the city of ChicagoCoordinates: 41°59.4′N 87°39.6′W / 41.9900°N 87.6600°W / 41.9900; -87.6600CountryUnited StatesStateIllinoisCountyCookCityChicagoNeighborhoods list AndersonvilleBryn Mawr Historic DistrictEdgewaterEdgewater BeachEdgewater GlenLakewood-BalmoralMagnolia Glen Area ...
Private college in Hamburg, New York, U.S. Hilbert CollegeFran HallFormer namesImmaculata Teacher Training School (1957–1960)Immaculata College (1960–1969)TypePrivate collegeEstablished1957; 66 years ago (1957)Religious affiliationRoman Catholic (Franciscan)Endowment$7.5 million (2022)[1]PresidentMichael S. BrophyAcademic staff126Undergraduates~800LocationHamburg, New York, U.S.42°45′17″N 78°49′14″W / 42.7547°N 78.8206°W / 42.7...
دايما معاكمعلومات عامةالصنف الفني كوميديا رومانسية — فيلم موسيقي تاريخ الصدور 2 أغسطس 1954اللغة الأصلية العربيةالعرض أبيض وأسود البلد مصرالطاقمالمخرج هنري بركاتالكاتب يوسف جوهر (قصة وحوار)هنري بركات (سيناريو)البطولة محمد فوزيفاتن حمامةعبد الوارث عسرالتصوير الفيزي او...
A-15 Тип Планёр Разработчик КБ Антонова Первый полёт 1960[1] Единиц произведено 60 [1] Медиафайлы на Викискладе А-15 — рекордный цельнометаллический одноместный планёр, разработанный в КБ Антонова. Планер на протяжении многих лет эксплуатировался в планерных клу...
District of Espoo, Finland This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Keilaniemi – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Accountor Tower is located in Keilaniemi. Keilaniemi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkei̯lɑˌnie̯mi]; Swedish: Kä...
ArkansasArkansas RiverLokacijaDržave SADGradoviPueblo, Wichita, Tulsa, Little RockHidrografijaIzvor – aps. visinaspoj rijeka East Forks i Tennessee Creek kod mjesta Leadville u Stjenovitim planinama (Colorado) 2 965 mUšće – aps. visinaMississippi kod mjesta Napoleon (Arkansas) ? mDužina2 350 kmPritokePurgatoire, Cimarron, Verdigris, CanadianHidrologijaProtok – srednji1 147 m³/sSliv –...