The area became a centre for making nails, and later bolts, and then for the cotton and coal industries. The older listed buildings are houses, farmhouses, farm buildings, a chapel and associated structures, and an obelisk. The listed buildings surviving from the industrial past are a bolt mill, a cotton mill, and terraces of miners' houses, and the other listed buildings are churches.
A stone house with quoins and a stone-slate roof. It has a two-bays main range with two storeys, and a gabled cross-wing at the left with three storeys. In the right bay is a porch with a coped gable, and inner and outer doorways with mouldedjambs. The windows are mullioned, and two gables contain an oculus. Inside there is an inglenook and a bressumer.[2][3]
A stone house with a stone-slate roof, it has three storeys, a double-depth plan, sides of three bays, and three gables on three fronts. The central doorway has a canopy with an ogee-shaped gable on decorative brackets, and it is flanked by large buttresses added in 1881. The windows are mullioned, and in the gables they are stepped with stepped hood moulds.[4][5]
The chapel, which was extended in 1901, was originally Presbyterian, and later Unitarian. It is in brick on a stone plinth, with stone dressings, quoins, bands, an eavescornice on shaped brackets, and a slate roof. There is a two-storey entrance wing that has a round-headed doorway with a keystone and fanlight, above which is a sundial, a plaque, and a gablepediment with an oculus in the tympanum. Along the sides are two tiers of round-headed windows, and on the roof is an open cupola with a lead roof and a weathervane.[6][7]
The gate piers are in stone, they are boldly rusticated, with moulded bases and caps, and are surmounted by decorative urns. The railings and the other piers date from the 19th century. There are cast iron gates and railings that sweep round to meet rusticated piers with moulded caps and Gothic panels. More railings stretch along the north side of the churchyard to link with end piers.[8][9]
Originally a minister's house, later partly used as a school, it is in brick on a stone plinth, with stone dressings, quoins, stone eaves gutter brackets, and a slate roof. There are two storeys, three bays, and a lean-to rear extension. The central doorway has a fanlight, and a stone lintel with rusticatedvoussoirs. In the ground floor are two 19th-century bay windows, and in the upper floor are three windows with stone sills and keystone wedge lintels; two are casements and one is a sash window. In the rear extension is an arched stair window.[8][10]
A house, later divided into two dwellings, in brick, partly rendered at the rear, on a stone plinth, with stone dressings, quoins, a mouldedeavescornice, and a cement tile roof. There are three storeys and three bays. The original doorway has an elliptical head and a fanlight, and to the right is an inserted round-headed doorway. The windows are 20th-century casements with stone sills and flat arches, and those in the upper floor have keystones.[12]
A factory for making nails and bolts, it is in brick with roof of Welsh and local slate. The factory consists of various ranges, making an overall T-shaped plan, including a forge, a storage block, a large screw-boring workshop, and a finishing and polishing shed. The forge contains six individual forges, each with a tall tapering brick chimney that rises through the roof.[2][15]
A terrace of miners' cottages incorporating a bath house in the centre. They are in brick with Welsh slate roofs, and the cottages have two storeys. The bath house has three storeys, a hipped roof, three round-headed arches in the ground floor, two windows in the middle floor with pointed heads, and three openings in the top floor, also with pointed heads. The cottages have casement windows with cambered brick heads and the doorways also have cambered heads.[18][19]
A terrace of miners' cottages incorporating an institute at the north end and a now vacant shop. They are in brick on a plinth, with bands and Welsh slate roofs, and have two storeys. The institute is gabled and has five bays. At one time there were three shops, also gabled, with shop fronts. The cottages have casement windows with cambered brick heads and the doorways also have cambered heads.[18][20]
The church, designed by Paley and Austin, is in yellow stone with dressings in Runcornsandstone, and has tiled roofs with copedgables. It consists of a nave, a north porch, north and south chapels, north and south transepts, a chancel with aisles, meeting rooms, and a vestry. On the roof is a two-stage octagonal flèche, and on the north side of the chancel is a gabled stair turret.[21][22]
The church was designed by Paley and Austin in late Decorated style, it was extended in 1892, and was repaired following a fire in 1991. The church is in stone and has a clay tile roof with copedgables. It consists of a nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a chancel with a chapel and a vestry, and a southwest tower. The tower has five stages, octagonal clasping buttresses that rise to pinnacles with conical roofs, a south door, a four-light south window, a canopiedniche containing a statue above the bell openings, and an embattledparapet. At the corner of the vestry is an octagonal turret.[23][24]
Originally a cotton spinning mill, later used for other purposes, it has an internal metal frame, and is in red brick with dressings in stone and buff terracotta. The main block has five storeys and sides of twelve and nine bays, there is a two-storey carding house, an engine house, a boiler house, a tall circular chimney with a moulded and panelled cap, and a stair and sprinkler tower. The tower rises two storeys above the main block, it has a segmental pediment on each side, and corner turrets.[27][28]
