List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom
The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the principal minister of the crown of His Majesty's Government , and the head of the British Cabinet . There is no specific date for when the office of prime minister first appeared, as the role was not created but rather evolved over a period of time through a merger of duties. The term was regularly, if informally, used of Robert Walpole by the 1730s.[2] It was used in the House of Commons as early as 1805, and it was certainly in parliamentary use by the 1880s, although did not become the official title until 1905, when Arthur Balfour was prime minister.
Modern historians generally consider Robert Walpole , who led the government of the Kingdom of Great Britain for over twenty years from 1721, as the first prime minister. Walpole is also the longest-serving British prime minister by this definition. By the same consideration the first prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was William Pitt the Younger at its creation on 1 January 1801. The first to use the title in an official act was Benjamin Disraeli , who, in 1878, signed the Treaty of Berlin as "Prime Minister of Her Britannic Majesty".
In 1905, the post of prime minister was officially given recognition in the order of precedence , with the incumbent Henry Campbell-Bannerman the first officially referred to as "prime minister".
The first prime minister of the current United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland upon its effective creation in 1922 (when 26 Irish counties seceded and created the Irish Free State ) was Bonar Law , although the country was not renamed officially until 1927, when Stanley Baldwin was the serving prime minister.[11] The incumbent prime minister is Rishi Sunak , who assumed office on 25 October 2022.
Before the Kingdom of Great Britain
This section
needs expansion with: similar information for Scotland. You can help by
adding to it .
(February 2024 )
Before the Union of England and Scotland in 1707, the Treasury of England was led by the Lord High Treasurer . By the late Tudor period , the Lord High Treasurer was regarded as one of the Great Officers of State , and was often (though not always) the dominant figure in government: Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (lord high treasurer, 1547–1549), served as lord protector to his young nephew King Edward VI ; William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (lord high treasurer, 1572–1598), was the dominant minister to Queen Elizabeth I ; Burghley's son Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury , succeeded his father as Chief Minister to Elizabeth (1598–1603) and was eventually appointed by King James I as lord high treasurer (1608–1612).
By the late Stuart period , the Treasury was often run not by a single individual (i.e., the lord high treasurer) but by a commission of lords of the Treasury , led by the first lord of the Treasury . The last lords high treasurer, Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin (1702–1710) and Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford (1711–1714), ran the government of Queen Anne .
From 1707 to 1721
Following the succession of George I in 1714, the arrangement of a commission of lords of the Treasury (as opposed to a single lord high treasurer) became permanent. For the next three years, the government was headed by Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend , who was appointed Secretary of State for the Northern Department . Subsequently, Lords Stanhope and Sunderland ran the government jointly, with Stanhope managing foreign affairs and Sunderland domestic. Stanhope died in February 1721 and Sunderland resigned two months later; Townshend and Robert Walpole were then invited to form the next government. From that point, the holder of the office of first lord also usually (albeit unofficially) held the status of prime minister. It was not until the Edwardian era that the title prime minister was constitutionally recognised. The prime minister still holds the office of first lord by constitutional convention, the only exceptions being Lords Chatham (1766–1768) and Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902).
Since 1721
Prime ministers
List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom since 1721
Portrait
Prime ministerOffice
(Lifespan)
Term of office
Mandate[a]
Ministerial offices held as prime minister
Party
Government
Monarch Reign
Start
End
Duration
3 April
1721
11 February
1742
20 years, 315 days
1722
Whig
Walpole– Townshend
George I
1727
George II
1734
Walpole
1741
16 February
1742
2 July
1743
1 year, 137 days[b]
—
Carteret
27 August
1743
6 March
1754
10 years, 192 days[b]
—
Broad Bottom I
1747
Broad Bottom II
16 March
1754
11 November
1756
2 years, 241 days
1754
Newcastle I
16 November
1756
29 June
1757
226 days
—
Pitt– Devonshire
1757 Caretaker
29 June
1757
26 May
1762
4 years, 332 days
1761
Pitt– Newcastle
Bute– Newcastle
George III
26 May
1762
8 April
1763
318 days
—
Tory
Bute
16 April
1763
10 July
1765
2 years, 86 days
—
Whig
Grenville
[34]
13 July
1765
30 July
1766
1 year, 18 days
—
Whig
Rockingham I
30 July
1766
14 October
1768
2 years, 77 days
1768
Whig
Chatham
14 October
1768
28 January
1770
1 year, 107 days
—
Grafton
28 January
1770
27 March
1782
12 years, 59 days
1774
Tory
North
1780
[34]
27 March
1782
1 July
1782
97 days[b]
—
Whig
Rockingham II
4 July
1782
26 March
1783
266 days
—
Whig
Shelburne
2 April
1783
18 December
1783
261 days
—
Whig
Fox–North
19 December
1783
14 March
1801
17 years, 86 days
1784
Tory
Pitt I
1790
1796
17 March
1801
10 May
1804
3 years, 55 days
1801
Tory
Addington
1802
10 May
1804
23 January
1806
1 year, 259 days[b]
—
Tory
Pitt II
11 February
1806
25 March
1807
1 year, 43 days
1806
Whig
All the Talents
31 March
1807
4 October
1809
2 years, 188 days
1807
Tory
Portland II
4 October
1809
11 May
1812
2 years, 221 days[b]
—
Perceval
8 June
1812
9 April
1827
14 years, 306 days
1812
Liverpool
1818
George IV
1820
1826
12 April
1827
8 August
1827
119 days[b]
—
Tory
Canning
31 August
1827
8 January
1828
131 days
—
Tory
Goderich
22 January
1828
16 November
1830
2 years, 299 days
—
Tory
Wellington– Peel
(1830 )
William IV
22 November
1830
9 July
1834
3 years, 230 days
1831
Whig
Grey
1832
16 July
1834
14 November
1834
122 days
—
Melbourne I
17 November
1834
9 December
1834
23 days
(—)
Tory
Wellington Caretaker
10 December
1834
8 April
1835
120 days
(—)
Conservative
Peel I
18 April
1835
30 August
1841
6 years, 135 days
1835
Whig
Melbourne II
1837
Victoria
30 August
1841
29 June
1846
4 years, 304 days
1841
Conservative
Peel II
30 June
1846
21 February
1852
5 years, 237 days
(1847 )
Whig
Russell I
23 February
1852
17 December
1852
299 days
1852
Conservative
Who? Who?
19 December
1852
30 January
1855
2 years, 43 days
(—)
Peelite
Aberdeen
6 February
1855
19 February
1858
3 years, 14 days
1857
Whig
Palmerston I
20 February
1858
11 June
1859
1 year, 112 days
(—)
Conservative
Derby– Disraeli II
12 June
1859
18 October
1865
6 years, 129 days[b]
1859
Liberal
Palmerston II
1865
29 October
1865
26 June
1866
241 days
—
Russell II
28 June
1866
25 February
1868
1 year, 243 days
(—)
Conservative
Derby– Disraeli III
27 February
1868
1 December
1868
279 days
(—)
3 December
1868
17 February
1874
5 years, 77 days
1868
Liberal
Gladstone I
20 February
1874
21 April
1880
6 years, 62 days
1874
Conservative
Disraeli II
23 April
1880
9 June
1885
5 years, 48 days
1880
Liberal
Gladstone II
23 June
1885
28 January
1886
220 days
(—)
Conservative
Salisbury I
1 February
1886
20 July
1886
170 days
(1885 )
Liberal
Gladstone III
[67]
25 July
1886
11 August
1892
6 years, 18 days
(1886 )
Conservative
Salisbury II
15 August
1892
2 March
1894
1 year, 200 days
(1892 )
Liberal
Gladstone IV
5 March
1894
22 June
1895
1 year, 110 days
(—)
Rosebery
[69]
25 June
1895
11 July
1902
7 years, 17 days
1895
Conservative
Salisbury III
1900
Salisbury IV (Con– Lib.U )
Edward VII
12 July
1902
4 December
1905
3 years, 146 days
—
Balfour (Con– Lib.U )
5 December
1905
3 April
1908
2 years, 121 days
1906
Liberal
Campbell-Bannerman
8 April
1908
5 December
1916
8 years, 243 days
—
Asquith I
(Jan. 1910 )
Asquith II
George V
(Dec. 1910 )
Asquith III
(—)
Asquith Coalition
6 December
1916
19 October
1922
5 years, 318 days
(—)
Lloyd George War
1918
Lloyd George II
23 October
1922
20 May
1923
210 days
1922
Conservative
Law
22 May
1923
22 January
1924
246 days
—
Conservative
Baldwin I
22 January
1924
4 November
1924
288 days
(1923 )
Labour
MacDonald I
4 November
1924
4 June
1929
4 years, 213 days
1924
Conservative
Baldwin II
5 June
1929
7 June
1935
6 years, 3 days
(1929 )
Labour
MacDonald II
(—)
National Labour
National I
1931
National II
7 June
1935
28 May
1937
1 year, 356 days
1935
Conservative
National III
Edward VIII
George VI
28 May
1937
10 May
1940
2 years, 349 days
—
National IV
Chamberlain War
10 May
1940
26 July
1945
5 years, 78 days
—
Churchill War
Churchill Caretaker
26 July
1945
26 October
1951
6 years, 93 days
1945
Labour
Attlee I
1950
Attlee II
26 October
1951
5 April
1955
3 years, 162 days
1951
Conservative
Churchill III
Elizabeth II
6 April
1955
9 January
1957
1 year, 279 days
1955
Eden
10 January
1957
18 October
1963
6 years, 282 days
—
Macmillan I
1959
Macmillan II
[f]
18 October
1963
16 October
1964
365 days
—
Conservative
Douglas-Home
16 October
1964
19 June
1970
5 years, 247 days
1964
Labour
Wilson I
1966
Wilson II
19 June
1970
4 March
1974
3 years, 259 days
1970
Conservative
Heath
4 March
1974
5 April
1976
2 years, 33 days
(Feb. 1974 )
Labour
Wilson III
Oct. 1974
Wilson IV
5 April
1976
4 May
1979
3 years, 30 days
—
Callaghan
4 May
1979
28 November
1990
11 years, 209 days
1979
Conservative
Thatcher I
1983
Thatcher II
1987
Thatcher III
28 November
1990
2 May
1997
6 years, 156 days
—
Major I
1992
Major II
2 May
1997
27 June
2007
10 years, 57 days
1997
Labour
Blair I
2001
Blair II
2005
Blair III
27 June
2007
11 May
2010
2 years, 319 days
—
Brown
11 May
2010
13 July
2016
6 years, 64 days
(2010 )
Conservative
Cameron–Clegg
2015
Cameron II
13 July
2016
24 July
2019
3 years, 12 days
—
May I
(2017 )
May II
24 July
2019
6 September
2022
3 years, 45 days
(—)
Johnson I
2019
Johnson II
6 September
2022
25 October
2022
50 days
—
Truss
Charles III
25 October
2022
Incumbent
1 year, 229 days
—
Sunak
Disputed prime ministers
Due to the gradual evolution of the post of prime minister, the title is applied to early prime ministers only retrospectively; this has sometimes given rise to academic dispute. William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath and James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave are sometimes listed as prime ministers. Bath was invited to form a ministry by George II when Henry Pelham resigned in 1746, as was Waldegrave in 1757 after the dismissal of William Pitt the Elder , who dominated the affairs of government during the Seven Years' War . Neither was able to command sufficient parliamentary support to form a government; Bath stepped down after two days and Waldegrave after four. Modern academic consensus does not consider either man to have held office as prime minister;[failed verification ] they are therefore listed separately.
List of disputed prime ministers of the United Kingdom since 1721
Portrait
Prime ministerOffice
(Lifespan)
Term of office
Mandate[a]
Ministerial offices held as prime minister
Party
Government
Monarch Reign
Start
End
Duration
10 February
1746
12 February
1746
3 days
–
Whig
Short Lived
George II
8 June
1757
12 June
1757
5 days
–
Waldegrave
List notes
^ a b Legend for the Mandate
column:
1722
a year
indicates a general election won by the government or that led to the formation of a government (the year links to the election's article);
(1830)
a parenthesised year
indicates an election resulting in no single party winning a Commons majority (the year links to the election's article);
—
a dash
indicates the formation of a majority government without an election;
(—)
a parenthesised dash
indicates the formation of a minority or coalition government during a hung parliament .
^ a b c d e f g Died in office
^ Pitt served as a Member of Parliament for Bath for the first five days of his premiership (30 July – 4 August 1766). He relinquished his Commons seat in order to take the office of Lord Privy Seal, which required his elevation to the House of Lords.
^ Pitt contested a different constituency in the 1784 British general election .
^ Disraeli was elevated to the House of Lords in 1876, two years into his second premiership. Consequently, he relinquished his Commons seat as MP for Buckinghamshire.
^ Douglas Home disclaimed his peerage as the Earl of Home on 23 October 1963. He was elected an MP on 7 November 1963.
Timeline
See also
References
Citations
^ Stephen Taylor ODNB.[full citation needed ]
^ Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 .
^ a b The British Magazine and Review 1782 , p. 79; Eccleshall & Walker 2002 , pp. 46, 50; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995 , pp. 39–43.
^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002 , p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995 , pp. 205–210; Locker-Lampson 1907 , p. 497; Mosley 2003 , p. 3505; Sandys 1910 , p. 287.
^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002 , pp. 213, 221; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995 , pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003 , p. 3505; Pryde et al. 1996 , p. 47; Sandys 1910 , p. 287.
Works cited
"1955: Sir Winston Churchill resigns" . On This Day 1950–2005 . BBC. Archived from the original on 2 April 2003. Retrieved 2 September 2018 . Churchill ... tendered his resignation as ... First Lord of the Treasury.
Balfour, Arthur (29 March 1910). "Duration of Parliament" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Vol. 15. House of Commons. col. 1189. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. in 1860 ... Lord Palmerston, then the Leader of this House.
"Baroness Thatcher" . Parliament.uk . UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2018 . Deceased: 08 April 2013.
Bogdanor, Vernon (3 October 1997). "Ministers take the biscuit" . Times Higher Education . Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018 . The title ... was not used in an official document until 1878 when Disraeli ... signed the Treaty of Berlin as 'First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister of her Britannic Majesty'.
"Boris Johnson replaces Theresa May as the UK's new prime minister" . BBC News . 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022 .
Burt, Llewellyn Charles (1874). A Synoptical History of England (2nd ed.). London, UK: Lockwood – via the Internet Archive.
Butler, David ; Butler, Gareth (2010). British Political Facts (10th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-2302-9318-2 .
Carpenter, Clive, ed. (1992). The Guinness UK Data Book . Guinness. ISBN 978-0-8511-2522-0 .
Castlereagh, Viscount , President of the Board of Control (29 April 1805). "Military Commissioners' Bill" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Vol. 4. House of Commons. col. 496. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014.
Chamberlain, Joseph , President of the Board of Trade (27 March 1884). "Second Reading — Adjourned Debate" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Vol. 286. House of Commons. col. 954. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. This matter was brought before the House on the 13th of May, 1874 ... It was opposed ... by Mr. Disraeli, who was then the Leader of the House.
Chapman, Richard A. (2002). "History: from earliest times to the present day" . The Treasury in Public Policy-Making . Routledge. ISBN 978-1-1348-6426-3 .
Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911a). "Burghley, William Cecil, Baron ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
——— (1911b). "Orford, Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 20 (11th ed.).
——— (1911c). "Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 24 (11th ed.).
——— (1911d). "Stanhope, Earls ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 25 (11th ed.).
——— (1911e). "Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 26 (11th ed.).
——— (1911f). "Treasury ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 27 (11th ed.).
Clarke, John (1999). "House of Hanover". In Fraser, Antonia (ed.). The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England . University of California Press (published 2000). ISBN 978-0-5202-2460-5 .
Cook, Chris; Stevenson, John (1980). British Historical Facts: 1760–1830 (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-3332-1512-8 .
——— (1988). "Administrations and Political Biographies" . British Historical Facts: 1688–1760 (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-3490-2369-1 .
Courthope, William , ed. (1838). Debrett's Complete Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (22nd ed.). London, UK: J. G. & F. Rivington – via the Internet Archive. His grace .
"Deaths". The British Magazine and Review . Vol. 1. 1782. The Most Honourable Charles Watson Wentworth.
Disraeli, Benjamin (8 June 1855). "Prosecution of the War — Adjourned Debate (Sixth Night)" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Vol. 138. House of Commons. col. 1726. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. The noble Lord the leader of this House and First Minister of the Crown—a man eminently versed in foreign policy.
Disraeli, Benjamin (7 May 1868). "Committee" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Vol. 191. House of Commons. col. 1930. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. the manner in which I attempt to perform my duties as Leader of this House is preferable to that ideal.
Eccleshall, Robert; Walker, Graham, eds. (2002). Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-1346-6230-2 .
Eardley-Wilmot, Sir John (20 March 1885). "Boroughs to Lose One Member" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Vol. 296. House of Commons. col. 156–157. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011.
Englefield, Dermot; Seaton, Janet; White, Isobel (1995). Facts About the British Prime Ministers . Mansell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7201-2306-7 . All Prime Ministers ... were members of the Privy Council ... This means they are entitled to be addressed as 'The Right Honourable '.
Evans, Eric J. (2001). "Compendium of Information" . The Forging of the Modern State: Early Industrial Britain, 1783–1870 (3rd ed.). Routledge (published 2013). ISBN 978-1-3178-7371-6 .
——— (2008). "Introduction" . Britain before the Reform Act: Politics and Society 1815–1832 (2nd ed.). Routledge (published 2014). ISBN 978-1-3178-8547-4 .
"First Lord of the Treasury" . Gov.uk . UK Government. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2017 .
Fisher Russell Barker, George (1890). "Harley, Robert" . In Stephen, Leslie ; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
"Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh" (PDF) . Royal Society of Edinburgh . July 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2018 .
Hennessy, Peter (2001). "The Platonic Idea and the Constitutional Deal" . The Prime Minister: The Office and Its Holders Since 1945 . Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-3122-9313-0 .
Jones, Clyve; Jones, David L., eds. (1986). "The Origin of the Leadership of the House of Lords" . Peers, Politics and Power: House of Lords, 1603–1911 . A & C Black. ISBN 978-0-9076-2878-1 .
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society . Vol. 55. London, UK: Royal Statistical Society . 1948 [First published 1892] – via the Internet Archive.
Kebbel, Thomas Edward (1864). Essays Upon History and Politics . London, UK: Chapman and Hall – via the Internet Archive.
Kuenssberg, Laura (24 July 2019). "Boris Johnson: May bidding farewell before new PM takes office" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022 .
Law, Bonar (27 November 1922). "Irish Free State Constitution Bill" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Vol. 159. House of Commons. col. 327. Archived from the original on 27 April 2018.
Lee, Simon; Beech, Matt, eds. (2011). The Cameron–Clegg Government: Coalition Politics in an Age of Austerity . Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-2303-0501-4 .
Leonard, Dick (2010). Eighteenth-Century British Premiers: Walpole to the Younger Pitt . Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-2303-0463-5 .
"List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660–2007" (PDF) . Royal Society . July 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2018 .
"Liz Truss: New prime minister installs allies in key cabinet roles" . BBC News . 7 September 2022. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2024 .
Locker-Lampson, Godfrey (1907). A Consideration of the State of Ireland in the Nineteenth Century . London, UK: Archibald Constable and Co – via the Internet Archive.
Macfarlane, Sir Donald Horne (14 April 1885). "Central Asia — Russia and Afghanistan — the Russo–Afghan Frontier — Russian Advances" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Vol. 296. House of Commons. col. 1634–1635. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011.
Marriott, John (1923). English Political Institutions: An Introductory Study (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. OL 17361473W .
"May to form 'government of certainty' with DUP backing" . BBC News . 9 June 2017. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2018 .
McMullen Rigg, James (1899). "Townshend, Charles" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 57. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Mahon, Viscount ; Cardwell, Edward , eds. (1856). "Part II — The New Government; 1834–5". Memoirs by the Right Honourable Sir Robert Peel . London, UK: J. Murray. OL 23318495M .
Mosley, Charles , ed. (1999). Burke's Peerage and Baronetage . Vol. 1–2 (106th ed.). Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books).
——— (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage . Vol. 3 (107th ed.). Wilmington, US: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books).
Morrill, John (25 January 2018). "Robert Harley, 1st earl of Oxford" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2018 .
"Mr Edward Heath" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018 . July 9, 1916 – 17 July 2005.
"Mr James Callaghan" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018 . March 27, 1912 – 26 March 2005.
"Mr. Lloyd George's War Administration, 1916". The Constitutional Yearbook . Vol. 33. National Unionist Association. 1919.
"Mr. Neville Chamberlain's War Administration". The Annual Register . Vol. 182. Rivingtons. 1941.
"Mr. Winston Churchill's War Administration". The Annual Register . Vol. 187. J. Dodsley. 1946.
"No. 32987" . The London Gazette . 31 October 1924. p. 7861. The King has been graciously pleased to confer the Territorial Decoration upon the undermentioned Officers.
Nevett, Joshua (25 October 2022). "Rishi Sunak vows to fix Liz Truss's mistakes in first speech as PM" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2024 .
———; Whannel, Kate (20 October 2022). "Liz Truss resigns: PM's exit kicks off another Tory leadership race" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2024 .
"Parties and Prime Ministers" . BBC News . 19 May 1998. Archived from the original on 18 March 2004. Retrieved 12 October 2008 .
Pollard, Albert (1904). "Chapter XIV" . The Cambridge Modern History . Vol. 2 – via Wikisource .
"Prime ministers of the United Kingdom (1730–2011)" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . 2011. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
Pryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5215-6350-5 .
"Resignation of The Right Honourable David Cameron MP as Prime Minister" . Royal.uk (Press release). Royal Communications. 13 July 2016. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2018 .
"Rishi Sunak's first day as prime minister in pictures" . BBC News . 25 October 2022. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2024 .
"Rt Hon Elizabeth Truss MP" . Parliament.uk . UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024 . First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service, and Minister for the Union.
"Rt Hon Gordon Brown" . Parliament.uk . UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2018 . First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service.
"Rt Hon Boris Johnson" . Parliament.uk . UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022 . First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, and Minister for the Union.
"Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP" . Parliament.uk . UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024 . First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service, and Minister for the Union.
"Rt Hon Theresa May" . Parliament.uk . UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2018 . First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service.
"Rt Hon Tony Blair" . Parliament.uk . UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 19 November 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2018 . First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service.
"Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927" , legislation.gov.uk , The National Archives , 1927 c. 4
Sandys, John (1910). "Orationes et epistolae Cantabrigienses (1876–1909): Index" . Nature . Vol. 84, no. 2124. London, UK: Macmillan. pp. 35–36. Bibcode :1910Natur..84...35T . doi :10.1038/084035a0 . S2CID 3975449 . Archived from the original on 20 February 2009 – via the Internet Archive. The Most Hon. Robert Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury. Alt URL
Schumann, Matt; Schweizer, Karl W. (2012). "Domestic politics" . The Seven Years War: A Transatlantic History . Routledge. ISBN 978-1-1341-6068-6 .
Scully, Roger (2018). "The High-Point of British Party Politics" . The End of British Party Politics? . Biteback Publishing. ISBN 978-1-7859-0363-2 . Yet the Scottish party was much more influential at Westminster: two of its major figures, Andrew Bonar Law and Sir Alec Douglas-Home, became (albeit short-lived) Prime Ministers.
Seldon, Anthony , ed. (2007). Blair's Britain, 1997–2007 . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-1394-6898-5 .
Shaw, William Arthur (1906). The Knights of England . Vol. 1. London, UK: Sherratt and Hughes – via the Internet Archive.
Stephen, Leslie (1890). "Godolphin, Sidney" . In Stephen, Leslie ; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 22. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Styles, John, ed. (1829). Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable George Canning . Vol. 1. London, UK: T. Tegg – via the Internet Archive.
Stamp, Gavin (25 July 2016). "Who is Theresa May: A profile of UK's new prime minister" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 13 July 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2018 .
Tout, Thomas Frederick (1910). An Advanced History of Great Britain . New York, US: Longmans, Green. OL 13991885M .
Venning, Timothy (2005). "Prime Ministers" . Compendium of British Office Holders . Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-2305-0587-2 .
Vincitorio, Gaetano L. , ed. (1968). Studies in Modern History . New York, US: St. John's University Press. OCLC 908430 .
Wheeler, Brian (12 September 2016). "The David Cameron story" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2018 .
Whiteley, Peter (1996). "Political Apprenticeship" . Lord North: The Prime Minister Who Lost America . A & C Black. ISBN 978-1-8528-5145-3 .
Further reading
Bogdanor, Vernon , ed. (2010). From New Jerusalem to New Labour: British Prime Ministers from Attlee to Blair . Palgrave Macmillan (published 20 October 2016). ISBN 978-0-230-29700-5 .
Browne, J. Houston (1858). Lives of the Prime Ministers of England: From the Restoration to the Present Time . Vol. 1. London: Thomas Cautley Newby.
Davidson, Jonathan (2010). Downing Street Blues: A History of Depression and Other Mental Afflictions in British Prime Ministers . McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-5793-9 .
Grube, Dennis (2013). Prime Ministers and Rhetorical Governance . Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-31836-7 .
King, Anthony Stephen , ed. (1985). The British Prime Minister (2nd ed.). Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-0635-1 .
Leonard, Dick (2008). Nineteenth Century Premiers: Pitt to Rosebery . Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-22725-5 .
Mackay, Robert (28 December 1987). "Thatcher longest serving British prime minister" . United Press International . Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2017 .
Parker, Robert J. (2013). British Prime Ministers (2nd ed.). Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4456-1021-4 .
Quinault, Roland (2011). British Prime Ministers and Democracy: From Disraeli to Blair . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4411-1105-0 .
External links
Lists related to prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Premiership
Personal life Depictions and honors