December 1910 United Kingdom general election

December 1910 United Kingdom general election

3–19 December 1910 (1910-12-03 – 1910-12-19)
All 670 seats in the House of Commons 336 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	81.6% (5.2 pp)
First party Second party   Leader H. H. Asquith Arthur Balfour Party Liberal Conservative and Liberal Unionist Leader since 30 April 1908 11 June 1902 Leader's seat East Fife City of London Last election 274 seats, 43.5% 272 seats, 46.8% Seats won 272 271 Seat change 2 1 Popular vote 2,157,256 2,270,753 Percentage 44.2% 46.6% Swing 0.7 pp 0.3 pp   Third party Fourth party   Leader John Redmond George Barnes Party Irish Parliamentary Labour Leader since 6 February 1900 14 February 1910 Leader's seat Waterford City Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown Last election 71 seats, 1.2% 40 seats, 7.0% Seats won 74 42 Seat change 3 2 Popular vote 90,416 309,963 Percentage 1.9% 6.4% Swing 0.7 pp 0.6 pp
Colours denote the winning party
Composition of the House of Commons after the election.
Prime Minister before election H. H. Asquith Liberal Prime Minister after election H. H. Asquith Liberal

The December 1910 United Kingdom general election was held from 3 to 19 December. It was the last general election to be held over several days^[1] and the last to be held before the First World War.

The election took place following the efforts of the Liberal government to pass its People's Budget in 1909, which raised taxes on the wealthy to fund social welfare programmes. The 1909 budget was only agreed to by the House of Lords in April 1910 after the January general election in which the Liberals and the Irish Parliamentary Party gained a majority. The Government called a further election in December 1910 to get a mandate for the Parliament Act 1911, which would prevent the House of Lords from permanently blocking legislation linked to money bills ever again, and to obtain King George V's agreement to threaten to create sufficient Liberal peers to pass that act (in the event this did not prove necessary, as the Lords voted to curtail their own powers).^[2]

The Conservative Party, led by Arthur Balfour with their Liberal Unionist allies, and the Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, almost exactly repeated the numerical result produced in the January election, with the Conservatives again winning the largest number of votes. The Liberal Party under Asquith remained in government with the support of the Irish Parliamentary Party. This was the last election in which the Liberals won the highest number of seats in the House of Commons. It was also the last United Kingdom general election in which a party other than Labour or the Conservatives won the most seats.

Results

England and Wales seat winners

UK General Election December 1910

			Candidates						Votes
Party		Leader	Stood	Elected	Gained	Unseated	Net	% of total	%	No.	Net %
	Conservative and Liberal Unionist	Arthur Balfour	548	271			−1	40.4	46.6	2,270,753	−0.3
	Liberal	H. H. Asquith	467	272			−2	40.6	44.2	2,157,256	+0.7
	Labour	George Barnes	56	42	5	3	+2	6.3	6.4	309,963	−0.6
	Irish Parliamentary	John Redmond	81	74	5	2	+3	11.0	1.9	90,416	+0.7
	All-for-Ireland	William O'Brien	21	8	2	2	0	1.2	0.6	30,322	+0.2
	Social Democratic Federation	H. M. Hyndman	2	0	0	0	0		0.1	5,733	−0.1
	Ind. Conservative	N/A	4	1	1	1	0	0.1	0.1	4,647
	Independent Labour	N/A	4	0	0	0	0		0.1	3,492
	Independent Liberal	N/A	1	0	0	1	−1		0.0	1,946
	Scottish Prohibition	Edwin Scrymgeour	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	913
	Ind. Nationalist	N/A	4	2	0	1	−1	0.3	0.0	911
	Independent	N/A	2	0	0	0	0		0.0	57

Total votes cast: 4,876,409.^[3]
Electorate: 7,709,981 (6,011,004 in contested seats)
Turnout: 81.6% ^[4]

Voting summary

Popular vote Conservative and Liberal Unionist   46.57% Liberal   44.23% Labour   6.36% Irish Parliamentary   1.85% All-for-Ireland   0.23% Others   0.78%

Seats summary

Parliamentary seats Liberal   40.60% Conservative and Liberal Unionist   40.45% Irish Parliamentary   11.04% Labour   6.27% All-for-Ireland   1.19% Others   0.45%

Aftermath

Both the Liberals and the Conservatives won 272 seats, however the Liberals remained the largest party due to the Speaker having been Conservative, meaning they sat with 271 MPs.

The Liberals, still lacking a parliamentary majority, again went into coalition with the Irish Parliamentary Party, who insisted on a Home Rule Bill as a condition of coalition.

See also

• List of MPs elected in the December 1910 United Kingdom general election
• Parliamentary franchise in the United Kingdom 1885–1918
• December 1910 United Kingdom general election in Ireland

References

1. "General Election Dates 1832–2005" (PDF), parliament.uk
2. Somervell, D. C. (1936), The Reign of King George V
3. All parties shown.
4. "General Election Results 1885-1979". Archived from the original on 30 January 2012.

Further reading

• Blewett, Neal (1972), Peers, the Parties and the People: General Elections of 1910 (U of Toronto Press); online

• Blewett, Neal (1972), Peers, the Parties and the People: General Elections of 1910, U of Toronto Press online
• Craig, F. W. S. (1989), British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987, Dartmouth: Gower, ISBN 0900178302
• Pelling, Henry (1967), Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910^{[publisher missing]}

External links

• United Kingdom election results—summary results 1885–1979 Archived 30 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine

Manifestos

• December 1910 Conservative manifesto
• December 1910 Labour manifesto
• December 1910 Liberal manifesto