List of plant orders

This article lists the living orders of the Viridiplantae, based primarily on the work of Ruggiero et al. 2015.[1] Living order of Lycophytes and ferns are taken from Christenhusz et al. 2011b[2] and Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.[3] Living orders of Gymnosperms are added from Christenhusz et al. 2011a[4] while extinct orders are from Anderson, Anderson & Cleal 2007.[5]

Division Prasinodermophyta

Class Prasinodermophyceae

Class Palmophyllophyceae

Division Chlorophyta

Subdivision Prasinophytina

Class Mamiellophyceae

Class Pyramimonadophyceae

Subdivision Chlorophytina

Class Nephroselmidophyceae

Class Picocystophyceae

Class Chloropicophyceae

Class Pedinophyceae

Class Chlorodendrophyceae

Class Trebouxiophyceae

Class Ulvophyceae

Class Chlorophyceae

Division Streptophyta

Subdivision Chlorokybophytina

Class Mesostigmatophyceae

Class Chlorokybophyceae

Subdivision Klebsormidiophyinta

Class Klebsormidiophyceae

Subdivision Charophytina

Class Charophyceae

Subdivision Coleochaetophytina

Class Coleochaetophyceae

Subdivision Zygnematophytina

Class Zygnematophyceae

Subdivision Anthocerotophytina[7]

Class Leiosporocerotopsida

Class Anthocerotopsida

Subdivision Marchantiophytina[7]

Class Haplomitriopsida

Class Marchantiopsida

Class Jungermanniopsida

Subdivision Bryophytina[8]

Class Takakiopsida

Class Sphagnopsida

Class Andreaeobryopsida

Class Andreaeopsida

Class Oedipodiopsida

Class Tetraphidopsida

Class Polytrichopsida

Class Bryopsida

Clade †Horneophytina

Class †Horneophytopsida

Subdivision Tracheophytina[9]

Class †Cooksoniopsida

Class †Rhyniopsida

Clade †Zosterophyllophyta

Class Lycopodiopsida

Class †Eophyllophytopsida

Class †Trimerophytopsida

Clade Pteridophyta

Class †Noeggerathiopsida

Class †Aneurophytopsida

Class †Archaeopteridopsida

Incertae sedis

Clade Spermatophyta

References

  1. ^ Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015). "A higher level classification of all living organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. PMC 4418965. PMID 25923521.
  2. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
  3. ^ Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
  4. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Reveal, James L.; Farjon, Aljos; Gardner, Martin F.; Mill, R.R.; Chase, Mark W. (2011). "A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 55–70. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.3.
  5. ^ Anderson; Anderson; Cleal (2007). "Brief history of the gymnosperms: classification, biodiversity, phytogeography and ecology". Strelitzia. 20. SANBI: 280. ISBN 978-1-919976-39-6.
  6. ^ Linzhou Li; Sibo Wang; Hongli Wang; Sunil Kumar Sahu; Birger Marin; Haoyuan Li; Yan Xu; Hongping Liang; Zhen Li; Shifeng Chen; Tanja Reder; Zehra Çebi; Sebastian Wittek; Morten Petersen; Barbara Melkonian; Hongli Du; Huanming Yang; Jian Wang; Gane Ka-Shu Wong; Xun Xu; Xin Liu; Yves Van de Peer; Michael Melkonian; Huan Liu (22 June 2020). "The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (9): 1220–1231. Bibcode:2020NatEE...4.1220L. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7. PMC 7455551. PMID 32572216.
  7. ^ a b Söderström; et al. (2016). "World checklist of hornworts and liverworts". PhytoKeys (59): 1–826. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.59.6261. PMC 4758082. PMID 26929706.
  8. ^ Goffinet, B.; Buck, W.R. (4 March 2014). "Classification of extant moss genera". Classification of the Bryophyta. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  9. ^ Novíkov; Barabaš-Krasni (2015). Modern plant systematics. Liga-Pres. p. 685. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164. ISBN 978-966-397-276-3.
  10. ^ Hao, Shougang & Xue, Jinzhuang (2013), The early Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan: a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and early diversification of vascular plants, Beijing: Science Press, p. 366, ISBN 978-7-03-036616-0, retrieved 2019-10-25
  11. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181 (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385

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