Killinger and Freund Motorcycle

The Killinger and Freund Motorcycle was an attempt in 1935 by a group of five German engineers from Munich to design a more streamlined and modified version of the German Megola front-wheel drive motorcycle.[1] The work took three years to complete but the result was impressive. The engine displacement stayed the same as the Megola at 600 cc but was much lighter and more simplified than a standard 100 cc motorcycle of the time.[2]

Design

The motorcycle featured a three-cylinder two-stroke engine built right into the front wheel, transmission and clutch, with more comfortable front and rear suspension. Streamlining was important as aerodynamics was the first priority of the team who wanted all the moving parts covered, dirt and mud protection, and an elegant style. Other priorities were that the motorcycle be multi-cylinder and possess front- wheel-drive. Their design met with success.[2]

Aerodynamics and steering

The first impressions of the new motorcycle was of a streamlined racing machine with rounded covers for the front and rear wheels, aerodynamically improved fork, frame, and fuel tank all built on a tubular framework covered in sheet metal.[1]

The rear suspension was linked to the lower end of the tubular frame and featured flexible rubber and metal elements that did not require servicing. Steering was much like an ordinary motorcycle but with more vertical telescopic elements than usual, which translated into a wheelbase that wouldn't change much whenever the front fork dived.[1]

Front wheel drive, carburetor, and ignition

The new front-wheel-drive was a vast improvement over the old Megola design. The weight of the engine was lower. The front wheel with integrated engine had a combined weight of 50 kg (110 lb). Additionally, a custom carburetor without a float needle didn't have the problems caused by vibration. And finally, the light-weight battery ignition allowed trouble-free engine starts and helped to keep the engine weight low. The distributor and the points were located in the hub. The technicians originally intended to build a dynastarter. These improvements would have been impossible to add to the old Megola design.[2]

Engine, timing, clutch, and transmission

The three cylinder two-stroke engine used a Drehschieber ("rotary valve", a turning disk, with intake holes for exact timing of the fuel-air mixture intake). The fuel-air mixture was sucked in by the vacuum in the three crankshaft housings as usual. The Drehschieber does the intake timing for all three cylinders. The engine was not a radial engine associated with aircraft and there was no need for a flywheel. All three cranks worked on one common gear. This arrangement and the recoil of the pistons in the turning direction secured a perfect balance of the moving parts. The cylinders were made of KS (Kolbenschmidt) iron cylinder walls and were embedded in the Silumin alloy engine housing. The only things that could be visibly identified as engine parts were the alloy cylinder heads with multiple cooling fins and the exhaust pipes located between the spokes of the cast alloy front wheel. These flat spokes were designed to serve as a functional cooling fan. The two-speed transmission was built as a differential transmission and used slope-meshed gears. The clutch was made of conventional clutch disks. The clutch (with the springs at the outer circle) was located in front of the transmission. The transmission was actuated by foot-operated steel cables. All parts of the engine allowed easy access for service work. After the removal of the engine – only two bolts and some wiring had to be removed – all important parts were within reach.[2]

Tires, shock absorbers, fuel, and seat adjustment

The tire could also be removed easily. You had to unlock a safety mechanism and then remove the tire completely with the split rim (very similar to the split rim developed by BMW). The front brake was installed in the hub. The rear suspension also had telescopic oil-filled shock absorbers. The gasoline flowed down through flexible hoses. A panel in the frame allowed easy access to the seat springs to adjust the hardness of the seat's suspension.[2]

Operational history

The Killinger and Freund Motorrad (motorcycle) was test-driven after the engine was tested on a test stand. Its total weight was 135 kg (297 lb).[1]

This design was intended for civilian production but the start of World War II cancelled those plans. One motorcycle was discovered by the US Army in the spring of 1945 at a German military installation but it is not known if this was the original prototype or another Killinger und Freund Motorrad. It was sold as scrap in the United States after a short period of display. In 2010, Motohistory.net had a short article detailing the bike's current condition.

Today

The French moped VéloSoleX is a front drive. The engine is also available as an add-on for bicycles.

Sources

  1. ^ a b c d [1] CyberMotorcycle Killinger & Freund Motorcycles(Retrieved 19 November 2006)
  2. ^ a b c d e "Killinger & Freund (English version)". Archived from the original on 2006-09-08. Retrieved 2006-11-19. Schouwer Killinger and Freund (Retrieved 19 November 2006)

Read other articles:

A Journey to the Centre of the Earth PengarangJules VerneJudul asliVoyage au centre de la TerreIlustratorÉdouard RiouNegaraPrancisBahasaPrancisSeriThe Extraordinary Voyages #3GenreFiksi ilmiah, petualanganPenerbitPierre-Jules HetzelTanggal terbit1864Tgl. terbit (bhs. Inggris)1871Jenis mediaCetakan (Hardback)ISBNISBN N/A Invalid ISBNDidahului olehThe Adventures of Captain Hatteras Diikuti olehFrom the Earth to the Moon  A Journey to ...

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) محمود الخياري نائب مؤسس في المجلس القومي التأسيسي (عن دائرة ورغمة-تطاوين-مطماطة-نفزاوة) في المنصب9 أبريل 1...

 

Університет перспективних дослідженьяп. 総合研究大学院大学 総研大 і GUAS[1] ?координати: ↑2689442 ·R (Хаяма) Міжнародна назва The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesТип державний університетКраїна  ЯпоніяЗасновано 1988Членство у ORCID[d][2][3]Мова викладання японськаВипус...

كراي ستافروبول    علم شعار الاسم الرسمي (بالروسية: Орджоникидзевский край)‏(بالروسية: Ставропольский край)‏    الإحداثيات 45°03′00″N 43°16′00″E / 45.05°N 43.266666666667°E / 45.05; 43.266666666667  [1] تاريخ التأسيس 13 فبراير 1924[2]  سبب التسمية سيرغي أوردجونيكيدز...

 

Japanese telescope and observatory Subaru TelescopeThe Subaru TelescopePart ofMauna Kea ObservatoriesNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan Location(s)Mauna Kea, Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USCoordinates19°49′32″N 155°28′34″W / 19.8256°N 155.4761°W / 19.8256; -155.4761 OrganizationNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan Observatory code T09 Altitude4,139 m (13,579 ft) WavelengthOptical/InfraredBuiltCompleted 1998Telescope st...

 

Polícia Militar de Alagoas Brasão da PMAL País  Brasil Estado  Alagoas Subordinação Governador do Estado de Alagoas Missão Polícia Militar Sigla PMAL Criação 3 de fevereiro de 1832 (191 anos) Patrono Alferes Joaquim José da Silva Xavier - Tiradentes Marcha Somos Soldados Leais Lema Sua Segurança, nossa missão! Cores Azul, branco, vermelho, verde e amarelo História Guerras/batalhas Guerra do ParaguaiGuerra de CanudosCombate ao CangaçoRevolta Tenentista de 1922C...

زهور وسط الغبارBlossoms in the Dust (بالإنجليزية) معلومات عامةالصنف الفني دراماتاريخ الصدور 1941مدة العرض 99 دقيقةاللغة الأصلية الإنجليزيةالعرض أبيض وأسود البلد الولايات المتحدةالجوائز  جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل تصميم إنتاج (1940)منحت لـ سيدريك غيبونز، ‏Urie McCleary (en) ، ‏إدوين بي. ويليس الط

 

1958 studio album by The Curtis Counce QuintetExploring the FutureStudio album by The Curtis Counce QuintetReleased1958RecordedApril 8, 1958StudioLos Angeles, CAGenreJazzLength53:28 CD reissue with additional tracksLabelDootoDTL 247ProducerNick ColemanCurtis Counce chronology Sonority(1989) Exploring the Future(1958) Exploring the Future is an album led by American jazz bassist Curtis Counce recorded in 1958 and released on the Dooto label.[1][2][3] Reception P...

 

Mohandas Gandhi's list of negative qualities Seven Social Sins is a list by Frederick Lewis Donaldson that Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi published in his weekly newspaper Young India on October 22, 1925.[1] Later he gave this same list to his grandson, Arun Gandhi, written on a piece of paper on their final day together shortly before his assassination.[2] The Seven Sins are: Wealth without work. Pleasure without conscience. Knowledge without character. Commerce without morality....

2021 single by SleazyWorld Go Sleazy FlowSingle by SleazyWorld GoReleasedOctober 15, 2021Length1:51LabelSleazyWorld, IslandSongwriter(s) Joseph Isaac Robert McCoy Jr. Producer(s)Rage SantanaSleazyWorld Go singles chronology Let Me Talk My Shit (2021) Sleazy Flow (2021) Baghdad Flow (2021) Music videoSleazy Flow on YouTubeSleazy Flow (Remix) on YouTubeRemix coverCover art of the official remix featuring Lil Baby. Sleazy Flow is a single by American rapper SleazyWorld Go, released on October 15...

 

在名古屋オーストラリア領事館Consulate of Australia in NagoyaAMMNATビル所在地 日本住所愛知県名古屋市中区栄1-3-3 AMMNATビル13階開設1992年閉鎖2009年8月31日総領事サリー・ルイーズ・フィリップス(領事) 在名古屋オーストラリア領事館(英語: Consulate of Australia in Nagoya)は、かつてオーストラリアが日本の愛知県名古屋市に設置していた領事館。 1992年より活動していたが[...

 

Defunct casino hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada Stardust Resort and CasinoShow map of Las Vegas StripShow map of Nevada Location Winchester, Nevada, U.S. Address 3000 South Las Vegas BoulevardOpening dateJuly 2, 1958 (1958-07-02)Closing dateNovember 1, 2006; 17 years ago (2006-11-01)ThemeOuter spaceNo. of rooms1,065 (1958)1,552 (final years)Total gaming space85,000 sq ft (7,900 m2)Permanent showsLido de Paris (1958–91)Enter the Night (1991–99)Nota...

American writer Daniel AbrahamAbraham at ConFusion 2017Born (1969-11-14) November 14, 1969 (age 54)United StatesPen nameM. L. N. HanoverJames S. A. CoreyOccupation Novelist screenwriter producer Alma materUniversity of New MexicoPeriod1996–presentGenreFantasyScience fictionHorrorNotable worksThe Dagger and the Coin seriesThe Expanse seriesSpouse Katherine Abraham ​(m. 2002)​Children1Websitedanielabraham.com Daniel James Abraham (born November 14, 1969)...

 

1986 murder in Portsmouth, England Linda CookLinda CookBorn6 December 1962[citation needed]Died9 December 1986 (aged 24)Cause of deathAsphyxiationBody discoveredMerry Row, Portsmouth, Hampshire, EnglandNationalityBritishHeight1.499 m (4 ft 11.0 in)ParentJames Cook The murder of Linda Cook was committed in Portsmouth on 9 December 1986. The subsequent trial led to a miscarriage of justice when Michael Shirley, an 18-year-old Royal Navy sailor, was wrongly convicted ...

 

British comedian For other people named Michael McIntyre, see Michael McIntyre (disambiguation). Michael McIntyreMcIntyre performing at the Soho Theatre in 2017Birth nameMichael Hazen James McIntyreBorn (1976-02-21) 21 February 1976 (age 47)London, EnglandMediumStand-uptelevisionNationalityBritishCanadianEducationMerchant Taylors' SchoolYears active1999–presentGenresSocial satireobservational comedyphysical comedySubject(s)Everyday lifemarriagefamilyBritish cultureBritish politics...

1938 American filmDick Tracy ReturnsDirected byWilliam WitneyJohn EnglishWritten byFranklin AdreonRonald DavidsonBarry ShipmanSol ShorRex taylorChester Gould (comic strip)Produced byRobert M BecheStarringRalph ByrdLynne RobertsCharles MiddletonJerry TuckerDavid SharpeLee FordCinematographyWilliam NoblesProductioncompanyRepublic PicturesDistributed byRepublic PicturesRelease dates August 20, 1938 (1938-08-20) (U.S.)[1] July 17, 1948 (1948-07-17) (U...

 

Bonython ManorWest front, 2007LocationCury, Cornwall, EnglandCoordinates50°02′45″N 5°13′07″W / 50.04576°N 5.21860°W / 50.04576; -5.21860 Listed Building – Grade II*Official nameBonython Manor HouseDesignated10 July 1957Reference no.1141754 Location of Bonython Manor in Cornwall Bonython Manor near Cury, Cornwall, England, in the United Kingdom is an estate garden on the Lizard peninsula. Since 1999, the owners have been Mr. & Mrs. Richard Nathan....

 

Private univeresity in Albay, Philippines Not to be confused with University of Santo Tomas. This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: University of Santo Tomas–Legazpi – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) University of Santo TomasLegazpiPamantasan ng Santo Tomas sa Le...

Mozilla Firefox開發者PortableApps.com操作系统跨平台、Wine类型網頁瀏覽器许可协议MPL网站Mozilla Firefox, Portable Edition 目錄 Mozilla Firefox歷史 1.0 2.0 3.0·3.5·3.6 4.0 5.0及更高版本 Mozilla Firefox特色 Gecko 附加组件 扩展 市場接納度 起源與歷史 网景导航者 Mozilla基金會 Mozilla Suite (分類)查论编 Mozilla Firefox, Portable Edition,中文稱之為可攜式版本。由約翰·哈勒(John T. Haller)所開發,允許在隨身...

 

Nadia TjoaLahirNadia Ingrida Tjuatja17 Juli 1994 (umur 29)Surabaya, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaNama lainNadia IngridaNadia TjoaPendidikan Universitas Bina Nusantara (2012–2016) Universitas Mercu Buana (2023–Sekarang) PekerjaanModelratu kecantikanPemenang kontes kecantikanGelar Miss Face of Humanity Indonesia 2021 Miss Face of Humanity 2022 Warna rambutHitamWarna mataHitamKompetisiutama Miss Chinesse World 2017(10 Besar) Miss Grand Indonesia 2020(5 Besar)(Miss Glowing Skin) Miss Face ...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!