Originally named Phu Kha, the minor district (king amphoe) was renamed Sa Bot in 1909. In 1915 it became a full district and renamed Khok Samrong, as the district office was relocated there.
The district is divided into 13 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 137 villages (mubans). The township (thesaban tambon) Khok Samrong covers parts of the tambon Khok Samrong. There are a further 13 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
1.
Khok Samrong
โคกสำโรง
2.
Ko Kaeo
เกาะแก้ว
3.
Thalung Lek
ถลุงเหล็ก
4.
Lum Khao
หลุมข้าว
5.
Huai Pong
ห้วยโป่ง
6.
Khlong Ket
คลองเกตุ
7.
Sakae Rap
สะแกราบ
8.
Phaniat
เพนียด
9.
Wang Phloeng
วังเพลิง
10.
Dong Marum
ดงมะรุม
18.
Wang Khon Khwang
วังขอนขว้าง
20.
Wang Chan
วังจั่น
22.
Nong Khaem
หนองแขม
Missing numbers are tambon which now form Nong Muang and Khok Charoen Districts.