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Kalyan
Kalyan
City; Mumbai Metropolitan Region
	Kalyan Location in Maharashtra, India Kalyan Kalyan (India)
	Coordinates: 19°14′N 73°08′E / 19.24°N 73.13°E
Country	India
State	Maharashtra
District	Thane
Government
• Type	Municipal Corporation
• Body	Kalyan-Dombivali Municipal Corporation
• Mayor	Vinita Rane (Shiv Sena)
• Municipal Commissioner	Dr. Vijay Suryawanshi
• Deputy Mayor	Moreshwar Bhoir (Bharatiya Janata Party)
Area
• Total	137.15 km2 (52.95 sq mi)
Elevation	8.84 m (29.00 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	1,246,381 (with Dombivli)
• Rank	29th
Demonym	Kalyankar
Languages
• Official	Marathi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN CODE	421301(Kalyan (West)) 421304 (Kalyan (S.O.)) 421306 (Kalyan (East))
Vehicle registration	MH-05
Sex ratio	917 females/1000 males ♂/♀
Literacy Rate	93.06%
Lok Sabha constituency	Kalyan
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Kalyan
Civic agency	Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation

Kalyan (Pronunciation: [kəljaːɳ]) is a city on the banks of Ulhas River in Thane district of Maharashtra state in Konkan division. It is governed by Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation. Kalyan is a subdivision (Taluka) of Thane district. Kalyan and its neighbouring township of Dombivli jointly form Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation, abbreviated as KDMC. It is a founding city of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Kalyan is the 7th biggest city in Maharashtra and 29th in India. Kalyan also serves as a major railway station for the trains bound to Mumbai and is a large junction separating two routes, one going Karjat and other Kasara.

In Colonial India, the British Raj called the city Kallian, Cullian, or Calliannee. The cast iron mileposts that existed in and around Kalyan had the spelling Callian as the name for the town and were installed during the colonial times.

A post 1857 map by John Tallis focused on the events of the Rebellion. The author spells Kalyan as "KALYAN LANJA"/"Calliannee".
Letts's Popular Atlas, 1883 (Letts & Co., London), Spelled "Kalliannee".
Cram atlas map, 1885. Spelled as "Callian".
A documented map of Kalyan area 1955 from the US military. Spelled "Kalyan".

Around Kalyan

Durgadi Fort

The city of Kalyan was surrounded by a fort wall, the construction of which began during Shah Jahan's reign and was completed during Aurangzeb's reign in 1694 A.D. This city wall, which ran 2123 yards and was guarded by 4 gates and 11 towers. The fort wall enclosed an area of 70 acres and on a high mound near the Kalyan creek, where the current Ganesh ghat stands, was a fort as early as 1570.

The wall of the fort along the top of the inner bank of the ditch, and, near the north end, had a gateway known as the Delhi or Killyacha Darwaja. ^{[citation needed]}

Under the Marathas (1760–72), a new gate about 150 feet (46 m) to the south of the Ganesh gate was opened near the mansion of Ramji Mahadeo Biwalkar, the Peshwa's Governor. In the citadel of the fort Marathas built a small wooden temple of Durgadevi behind the mosque, and called the fort Durgadi Killain after the Hindu goddess Durga. The fort measures 220 feet (67 m) in length and somewhat less in breadth. Under the English rule, the fort wall was dismantled and stones carried away to build the Kalyan and Thane piers and a dwelling for the customs inspector in the west of the Kalyan fort. The gate to the north-west is almost the only trace of the fort wall, which is of rough stone masonry. During 1876 the original idol of Durga was stolen.^[1]

Demographics

The majority of Kalyan citizens are Hindus and Muslim.^[2]

Climate

Kalyan is characterized by koppen classification Aw (tropical monsoon) with high rainfall during monsoon season and dry season year around. Because of Kalyan's proximity to the sea, it experiences greater diurnal temperature variations especially during winter when on some days the average high would reach 34°C with average lows near 14-15°C. Kalyan's humidity is also lower than Mumbai during winter season and pre summer (March-April) Though it has seen high dew points, particularly in the month of May with near to 30°C dew points. Kalyan receives heavy rainfall during June-September.

Climate data for Kalyan
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	29.3 (84.7)	33.7 (92.7)	34.6 (94.3)	35.7 (96.3)	34.7 (94.5)	31.9 (89.4)	29.8 (85.6)	29.3 (84.7)	30.1 (86.2)	32.9 (91.2)	33.4 (92.1)	32.0 (89.6)	32.3 (90.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	14.6 (58.3)	16.3 (61.3)	19.6 (67.3)	25.7 (78.3)	26.1 (79.0)	25.8 (78.4)	24.8 (76.6)	24.5 (76.1)	24.0 (75.2)	23.1 (73.6)	20.5 (68.9)	18.2 (64.8)	21.9 (71.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	2.3 (0.09)	1.0 (0.04)	0.8 (0.03)	1.8 (0.07)	13.5 (0.53)	432.6 (17.03)	946.1 (37.25)	553.3 (21.78)	294.1 (11.58)	87.1 (3.43)	20.6 (0.81)	2.1 (0.08)	2,355.3 (92.72)
Source: Government of Maharashtra

Transport

Trains, buses and auto-rickshaws are the important modes of transport in and around Kalyan. 200,000 Kalyan citizens travel daily by local trains.^[3]

Kalyan Junction railway station is on the railway line between Mumbai and Karjat/Kasara. Kalyan has access to four railway stations on the Central line - Thakurli Station, Vitthalwadi, Shahad Station and Kalyan Junction. Kalyan Junction serves as an important railway station for the people in and around Mumbai.^[4]

Civic amenities

With a population of more than 700,000, Kalyan is a part of the Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation established in 1983, with municipalities of Kalyan, Dombivli, Ambernath and 81 other villages. It was then one of the largest urban local bodies in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) and in the state, with an area around 209 km² (81 sq mi). The government of Maharashtra has decided to delete major area of the corporation limits on different occasions.^{[clarification needed]} Presently the total area of the corporation has remained, and measures about 67 km² (26 sq mi).

Government

KDMC is a municipal corporation in Thane district of Maharashtra State, India. The municipal corporation was formed in 1983 to administer the twin townships of Kalyan and Dombivli. The municipal corporation has a population 15,18,762 citizens as per the 2011 census. Due to its highly educated population it is often called the second cultural capital of Maharashtra after Pune. Kalyan was once famous as a port in ancient times. Records of its existence as a premier port in the region have been found in ancient Greek manuscripts.

The corporation is governed by Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act 1949. The following authorities are given charge to implement the provisions of the act:

A corporation
A standing committee
Ward committees
Municipal commissioner

Both the cities are divided into 122 wards. Municipal Corporation consists of Councillors elected directly at Ward Elections. The number and boundaries of the Wards into which the city is divided is specified by the State Election Commissioner. There are five Councillors nominated by the corporation. As per the provisions of the Act, the total number of Councillors is 121. The Corporation elects one of its members as the Mayor and another to be the Deputy Mayor.^[5]

Schools and colleges

Gallery

KDMT Buses
Kalyan Junction during the 26 July floods
Kalyan Junction

Notable people

Vishwanath Bhoir– MLA, (Kalyan West)
Tushar Deshpande – Indian cricketer. (Fast bowler)
Pranav Dhanawade – Indian cricketer. (Record holder for most runs 1009*)
Ganpat Gaikwad– MLA, BJP (Kalyan East)
Anandi Gopal Joshi – first Indian female physician
Gavin Packard – Indian actor
Pramod Ratan Patil– MLA, MNS (Kalyan Rural)
Narendra Pawar – Ex-MLA, BJP (Kalyan West)
Lalit Prabhakar – Indian actor
Shrikant Shinde – Member of Parliament (Kalyan)

References

^ Page no. 120, The Gazetteers of Bombay Presidency, Thane 3rd Edition
^ "2011 Census - Religion (Maharashtra)".
^ "रिक्षाचालकांविरोधात प्रवासांचा एल्गार (Rikṣācālakāṃvirōdhāt Pravāsāṃcā Ēlgār)" (in Marathi). Kalyan, Thane: Sakal Publications. 24 February 2015. p. 6.
^ "Mumbai CST-bound local train derails near Kalyan, 1 killed". Zee Media. Essel. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
^ kalyancity.com. "Government in Kalyan". kalyancity.com.