Joshua (/ˈdʒɒʃuə/), also known as Yehoshua (Hebrew: יְהוֹשֻׁעַYəhōšuaʿ,Tiberian:Yŏhōšuaʿ,lit. 'Yahweh is salvation'), Jehoshua,[b][2][3] or Josue,[4] functioned as Moses' assistant in the books of Exodus and Numbers, and later succeeded Moses as leader of the Israelite tribes in the Book of Joshua of the Hebrew Bible.[5] His name was Hoshea (הוֹשֵׁעַ Hōšēaʿ,lit. 'Save')[6] the son of Nun, of the tribe of Ephraim, but Moses called him "Yehoshua" (translated as "Joshua" in English),[7] the name by which he is commonly known in English. According to the Bible, he was born in Egypt prior to the Exodus.
The Hebrew Bible identifies Joshua as one of the twelve spies of Israel sent by Moses to explore the land of Canaan. In Numbers 13:1 and after the death of Moses, he led the Israelite tribes in the conquest of Canaan, and allocated lands to the tribes. According to biblical chronology, Joshua lived some time in the Bronze Age. According to Joshua 24:29 Joshua died at the age of 110.
Joshua holds a position of respect among Muslims, who also see him as the leader of the faithful following the death of Moses. In Islam, it is also believed that Yusha bin Nun (Joshua) was the "attendant" of Moses mentioned in the Quran before Moses meets Khidr. Joshua plays a role in Islamic literature, with significant narration in the hadith.[8][9]
Name
The English name "Joshua" is a rendering of the HebrewYehoshua, and is mostly interpreted as "Yahweh is salvation";[10][11] although others have also alternatively interpreted it as "Yahweh is lordly".[12] The theophoric name appears to be constructed from a combination of the Tetragrammaton with the Hebrew noun יְשׁוּעָה (Modern:yəšūʿa, Tiberian:yăšūʿā), meaning "salvation";[13][14][15][16] derived from the Hebrew root ישׁע (y-š-ʿ), meaning "to save/help/deliver".[17][18] Other theophoric names sharing a similar meaning can also be found throughout the Hebrew Bible, such as that of the son of David אֱלִישׁוּעַ (ʾĔlīšūaʿ), whose name means "My El (God) is salvation".[19][20]
"Jesus" is the English derivative of the Greek transliteration of "Yehoshua" via Latin. In the Septuagint, all instances of the word "Yehoshua" are rendered as "Ἰησοῦς" (Iēsûs), the closest Greek pronunciation of the Imperial Aramaic: יֵשׁוּעַYēšūaʿ.[21][22][23][24] Thus, in modern Greek, Joshua is called "Jesus son of Naue" (τοῦ Ναυή, tû Nauḗ) to differentiate him from Jesus. This is also true in some Slavic languages following the Eastern Orthodox tradition (e.g. "Иисус Навин", Iisús Navín, in Bulgarian, Serbian and Russian, but not Czech).
Moses Blesses Joshua Before the High Priest (watercolor circa 1896–1902 by James Tissot)
Joshua was a major figure in the events of the Exodus. He was charged by Moses with selecting and commanding a militia group for their first battle after exiting Egypt, against the Amalekites in Rephidim,[25] in which they were victorious.
He later accompanied Moses when he ascended biblical Mount Sinai to commune with God,[26] visualize God's plan for the Israelite tabernacle, and receive the Ten Commandments. Joshua was with Moses when he descended from the mountain, heard the Israelites' celebrations around the Golden Calf,[27] and broke the tablets bearing the words of the commandments. Similarly, in the narrative which refers to Moses being able to speak with God in his tent of meeting outside the camp, Joshua is seen as custodian of the tent ('tabernacle of meeting') when Moses returned to the Israelite encampment.[28] However, when Moses returned to the mountain to re-create the tablets recording the Ten Commandments, Joshua was not present, as the biblical text states "no man shall come up with you".[29]
Later, Joshua was identified as one of the twelve spies sent by Moses to explore and report on the land of Canaan,[30] and only he and Caleb gave an encouraging report, a reward for which would be that only these two of their entire generation would enter the promised land.[31]
According to Joshua 1:1,[32] God appointed Joshua to succeed Moses as leader of the Israelites along with giving him a blessing of invincibility during his lifetime.[33][34] The first part of the book of Joshua covers the period when he led the conquest of Canaan.
Joshua Commanding the Sun to Stand Still upon Gibeon by John Martin
At the Jordan River, the waters parted, as they had for Moses at the Red Sea. The first battle after the crossing of the Jordan was the Battle of Jericho. Joshua led the destruction of Jericho, then moved on to Ai, a small neighboring city to the west. However, they were defeated with thirty-six Israelite deaths. The defeat was attributed to Achan taking an "accursed thing" from Jericho; and was followed by Achan and his family and animals being stoned to death to restore God's favor. Joshua then went to defeat Ai.
The Israelites faced an alliance of five Amorite kings from Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon. At Gibeon, Joshua asked the LORD to cause the Sun and Moon to stand still, so that he could finish the battle in daylight. According to the text, the Sun stopped in the middle of the sky and delayed going down about a full day. This event is most notable because "There has been no day like it before or since, when the LORD heeded the voice of a man, for the Lord fought for Israel."[35] The LORD also fought for the Israelites in this battle, for he hurled huge hailstones from the sky which killed more Canaanites than those which the Israelites slaughtered. From there on, Joshua was able to lead the Israelites to several victories, securing much of the land of Canaan. He presided over the Israelite gatherings at Gilgal and Shiloh which allocated land to the tribes of Israel (Joshua 14:1–5 and 18:1–10), and the Israelites rewarded him with the Ephraimite city of Timnath-heres or Timnath-serah, where he settled (Joshua 19:50).
According to the Talmud, Joshua in his book enumerated only those towns on the frontier.[c]
When he was "old and well advanced in years",[36] Joshua convened the elders and chiefs of the Israelites and exhorted them to have no fellowship with the native population, because it could lead them to be unfaithful to God.[37] At a general assembly of the clans at Shechem, he took leave of the people, admonishing them to be loyal to their God, who had been so mightily manifested in the midst of them. As a witness of their promise to serve God, Joshua set up a great stone under an oak by the sanctuary of God. Soon afterward he died, at the age of 110, and was buried at Timnath-heres, in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash.[38]
The prevailing scholarly view is that the Book of Joshua is not a factual account of historical events.[39][40] The apparent setting of Joshua is the 13th century BCE[41] which was a time of widespread city-destruction, but with a few exceptions (Hazor, Lachish) the destroyed cities are not the ones the Bible associates with Joshua, and the ones it does associate with him show little or no sign of even being occupied at the time.[42] Given its lack of historicity, Carolyn Pressler in her commentary for the Westminster Bible Companion series suggests that readers of Joshua should give priority to its theological message ("what passages teach about God") and be aware of what these would have meant to audiences in the seventh and sixth centuries BCE.[43]Richard Nelson explained that the needs of the centralised monarchy favoured a single story of origins, combining old traditions of an exodus from Egypt, belief in a national god as "divine warrior," and explanations for ruined cities, social stratification and ethnic groups, and contemporary tribes.[44]
It has been argued that the Book of Joshua holds little historical value.[45] The archaeological evidence shows that Jericho and Ai were not occupied in the Near Eastern Late Bronze Age,[46] although recent excavations at Jericho have questioned this.[47] The story of the conquest perhaps represents the nationalist propaganda of the eighth century BCE kings of Judah and their claims to the territory of the Kingdom of Israel,[39] incorporated into an early form of Joshua written late in the reign of king Josiah (reigned 640–609 BCE). The book was probably revised and completed after the fall of Jerusalem to the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE, and possibly after the return from the Babylonian exile in 538 BCE.[48]
M. Noth (1930s)
In the 1930s Martin Noth made a sweeping criticism of the usefulness of the Book of Joshua for history.[49] Noth was a student of Albrecht Alt, who emphasized form criticism and the importance of etiology.[49][50] Alt and Noth posited a peaceful movement of the Israelites into various areas of Canaan, contra the Biblical account.[51]
W.F. Albright (1930s)
William Foxwell Albright questioned the "tenacity" of etiologies, which were key to Noth's analysis of the campaigns in Joshua. Archaeological evidence in the 1930s showed that the city of Ai, an early target for conquest in the putative Joshua account, had existed and been destroyed, but in the 22nd century BCE.[49] Some alternate sites for Ai have been proposed which would partially resolve the discrepancy in dates, but these sites have not been widely accepted.[52]
K. Kenyon (1951)
In 1951 Kathleen Kenyon showed that City IV at Tell es-Sultan (Jericho) was destroyed at the end of the Middle Bronze Age (c. 2100–1550 BCE), not during the Late Bronze Age (c. 1550–1200 BCE). Kenyon argued that the early Israelite campaign could not be historically corroborated, but rather explained as an etiology of the location and a representation of the Israelite settlement.[53][54]
G.E. Wright (1955)
In 1955, G. Ernest Wright discussed the correlation of archaeological data to the early Israelite campaigns, which he divided into three phases per the Book of Joshua. He pointed to two sets of archaeological findings that "seem to suggest that the biblical account is in general correct regarding the nature of the late thirteenth and twelfth-eleventh centuries in the country" (i.e., "a period of tremendous violence").[55] He gives particular weight to what were then recent digs at Hazor by Yigael Yadin.[55]
The Israelites led by Joshua crossing the Jordan River with the Ark, Old Sacristy, Milan Italy, 15th c.Robert Hecquet, Israelites led by Joshua Crossing the Jordan River
In rabbinic literature Joshua is regarded as a faithful, humble, deserving, wise man. Biblical verses illustrative of these qualities and of their reward are applied to him. "He that waits on his master shall be honored"[56] is construed as a reference to Joshua,[57] as is also the first part of the same verse, "Whoso keeps the fig-tree shall eat the fruit thereof".[58] That "honor shall uphold the humble in spirit"[59] is proved by Joshua's victory over Amalek.[60] Not the sons of Moses—as Moses himself had expected—but Joshua was appointed as Moses' successor.[61] Moses was shown how Joshua reproved that Othniel.[62]
"God would speak to Moses face to face, like someone would speak to his friend. Then he would return to the camp. But his attendant, Joshua the son of Nun, a young man, would not leave the tent. Joshua never moved from the tent".[28] Didn't Joshua leave the tent to eat, sleep or attend to his needs? This praise shows that Joshua had complete faith in Moses, the Tzaddik. One who has this faith is cognizant of the tzaddik in everything he does; he remains steadfastly with the tzaddik whatever he does.[63]
Moreover, Joshua, on dividing the land of Canaan amongst the tribes of Israel, made the tribes agree to ten conditions, the most important of which being the common use of the forests as pasture for cattle, and the common right of fishing in the Sea of Tiberias.[64] Natural springs were to be used for drinking and laundry by all tribes, although the tribe to which the water course fell had the first rights.[65] Prickly burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum) and the camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum) could be freely collected as firewood by any member of any tribe, in any tribal territory.
In prayer
According to Jewish religious tradition, upon making Aliyah by crossing the Jordan River to enter the Land of Israel, Joshua composed the Aleinu prayer thanking God. This idea was first cited in the Kol Bo of the late 14th Century.[66] Several medieval commentators noticed that Joshua's shorter birth name, Hosea, appears in the first few verses of Aleinu in reverse acrostic: ע – עלינו, ש – שלא שם, ו – ואנחנו כורעים, ה – הוא אלוקינו. The Teshuvot HaGeonim, a Geonic responsum, discussed that Joshua composed the Aleinu because although the Israelites had made Aliyah to the Promised Land, they were surrounded by other peoples, and he wanted the Jews to draw a clear distinction between themselves, who knew and accepted the sovereignty of God, and those nations of the world which did not.[67] In the modern era, religious Jews still pray the Aliyah inspired Aleinu three times daily, including on the High Holidays. The Aleinu prayer begins:
It is our duty to praise the Master of all, to exalt the Creator of the Universe, who has not made us like the nations of the world and has not placed us like the families of the earth, who has not designed our destiny to be like theirs, nor our lot like that of all their multitude.[68]
In Christianity
Most modern Bibles translate Hebrews 4:8–10 to identify Jesus as a better Joshua, as Joshua led Israel into the rest of Canaan, but Jesus leads the people of God into "God's rest". Among the early Church Fathers, Joshua is considered a type of Jesus Christ.[69]
Joshua (Arabic: يُوشَعُ بْنُ نُونٍ, Yūšaʿ ibn Nūn[juːʃaʕibnnuːn], is not mentioned by name in the Quran, but his name appears in other Islamic literature. In the Quranic account of the conquest of Canaan, Joshua and Caleb are referenced, but not named, as two God-fearing men on whom God "had bestowed His grace".[71]
They said, "Moses, there is a fearsome people in this land. We will not go there until they leave. If they leave, then we will enter." Yet the two men whom God had blessed among those who were afraid said, "Go in to them through the gate and when you go in you will overcome them. If you are true believers, put your trust in God.
— Quran, sura 5 (Al-Ma'ida), ayah 22–23, Haleem translation[72]
Joshua is also referred to in the journey Musa (Moses) took with him to find Khidr.
And remember when Moses said to his young assistant, "I will never give up until I reach the junction of the two seas, even if I travel for ages". But when they finally reached the point where the seas met, they forgot their salted fish, and it made its way into the sea, slipping away wondrously. He replied, "Do you remember when we rested by the rock? That is when I forgot the fish. None made me forget to mention this except Satan. And the fish made its way into the sea miraculously". Moses responded, "That is exactly what we were looking for". So they returned, retracing their footsteps. There they found a servant of Ours, to whom We had granted mercy from Us and enlightened with knowledge of Our Own.
The narration collected by Bukhari reports that a man approached Moses after he gave a talk and asked him, "Who is the most knowledgeable person on earth?" Moses responded, "That would be me!" So Allah revealed to Moses that he should not have said this and there was in fact someone who was more knowledgeable than him. Moses was commanded to travel to meet this man, named Al-Khaḍir, at the junction of the two seas. Islamic scholars have argued this could be the northern part of the Sinai Peninsula between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, the southern part of Sinai where the Rea Sea splits into the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba, or the Bosporus in Istanbul which is a strait between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara.
Hadith, exegesis, traditions
Joshua was regarded by some classical scholars as the prophetic successor to Moses (موسى)[d]Al-Tabari relates in his History of the Prophets and Kings that Joshua was one of the twelve spies, and Muslim scholars believe that the two believing spies referred to in the Quran are Joshua and Caleb. Joshua was exceptional among the Israelites for being one of the few faithful followers of Allah.
Significant events from Joshua's Muslim narratives include the crossing of the Jordan river and the conquest of Bait al-Maqdis.[74]
The traditional Muslim scholastic commentaries has narrated the miracle which shown by Joshua as a sign that he is a prophet in Islam. Ibn Kathir gave commentary of Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal Hadith that during the siege of Jerusalem, Yoshua prayed to God to withheld the sun until he won, which resulted in the day did not cease, and the sun only set after the Israelites under Joshua manage to capture the city.[75][76]al-Jalalayn says, "Ahmad [b. Hanbal] reported in his Musnad, the [following] hadīth, 'The sun was never detained for any human, except for Joshua during those days in which he marched towards the Holy House [of Jerusalem]'."[77]
Muslim literature includes traditions of Joshua not found in the Hebrew Bible. Joshua is credited with being present at Moses's death and literature records that Moses's garments were with Joshua at the time of his departure.[78] In Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, Joshua is mentioned as Yusha' bin Nun and is the attendant to Moses during his meeting with Khidr.[79][80][81] This hadith episode was used by scholars for the exegesis of Quran scripture chapter Al-Kahf about the journey of Moses.[82]
In the literary tradition of medieval Europe, Joshua is known as one of the Nine Worthies. In The Divine Comedy Joshua's spirit appears to Dante in the Heaven of Mars, where he is grouped with the other "warriors of the faith."[83]
According to legend, Mormon pioneers in the United States first referred to the yucca brevifoliaagave plant as the Joshua tree because its branches reminded them of Joshua stretching his arms upward in supplication, guiding the travelers westward.[85]
Israeli poster celebrating Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day) from the Yosef Matisyahu Collection
Religious holiday
The annual commemoration of Joshua's yahrtzeit (the anniversary of his death) is marked on the 26th of Nisan on the Hebrew calendar. Thousands make the pilgrimage to the Tomb of Joshua at Kifl Haris near Nablus, West Bank, on the preceding night.
Israeli Zionist holiday
Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day; Hebrew: יום העלייה) is an Israeli national holiday celebrated annually on the tenth of the Hebrew month of Nisan, as per the opening clause of the Yom HaAliyah Law, as a Zionist celebration of "Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel as the basis for the existence of the State of Israel", and secondarily "to mark the date of entry into the Land of Israel", i.e. to commemorate Joshua having led the Israelites across the Jordan River into the Land of Israel while carrying the Ark of the Covenant.
Tomb of Joshua
Samaritan and Jewish traditions
According to a Samaritan tradition, noted in 1877, the tombs of Joshua and Caleb were in Kifl Haris.[87]
It seems that old Jewish traditions once associated Meron in the Upper Galilee with the burial site of Joshua.[89]
Islamic sites
The Bosporus from Joshua's Hill (Giant's Grave) with a broken column, by Joseph Schranz (1803–1864/6), courtesy of the Ömer M Koç Collection
Joshua is believed by some Muslims to be buried on Joshua's Hill in the Beykoz district of Istanbul.[90] Alternative traditional sites for his tomb are situated in Israel (the Shia shrine at Al-Nabi Yusha'), Jordan (An-Nabi Yusha' bin Noon, a Sunni shrine near the city of Al-Salt[91][92]), Iran (Historical cemetery of Takht e Foolad in Esfahan[93]) and Iraq (the Nabi Yusha' shrine of Baghdad[91]). A local tradition combining three versions of three different Yushas, including biblical Joshua, places the tomb inside a cave in the Tripoli Mountains, overlooking the coastal town of el-Minyieh near Tripoli, Lebanon.[94][95]
^ abBabylonian Talmud, Baba Bathra 56a; Beitza 25b, s.v. חצובא מקטע רגליהון דרשיעי. Quote: "ʻThe sea squill (Urginea maritima) amputates the leg of the wicked’. Explained by Talmudic exegete, Rashi, to mean a plant whose roots penetrate and go down deeply, without spreading-out to the sides at all, and they plant it between the boundaries of fields, with which Joshua [formerly] divided the country by designated borders for Israel." ʻAmputates the leg of the wicked’, [meaning], on the Day of Judgment, in the sense that they (the wicked) steal, and covet, and reappropriate the property bounds [of others], without taking a lesson from it" (END QUOTE). Cf. Hai Gaon (1921), "Hai Gaon's Commentary on Seder Taharot", in Epstein, J.N. (ed.), The Geonic Commentary on Seder Taharot - Attributed to Rabbi Hai Gaon (in Hebrew), vol. 1, Berlin: Itzkowski, pp. 13–14, OCLC13977130, s.v. יבלית in MishnahKeilim 3:6.
^"Zechariah", Online Greek OT (Septuagint/LXX) UTF8 Bible, Bible database, 3:1–10, archived from the original on 23 July 2011, retrieved 8 January 2018
^Killebrew 2005, p. 152: "Almost without exception, scholars agree that the account in Joshua holds little historical value vis-à-vis early Israel and most likely reflects much later historical times.15"
^Maimonides, Mishneh Torah (Hil. Nizkei Mammon 5:3); Acha of Shabha, Sheiltoth, P. Ra’eh 147; Jerusalem Talmud, Baba Bathra 5:1. Even if the source of the natural spring were to originate in a distant tribal territory, and flowed along its course through another tribal territory, the people living in the territory where the water currently passes through have first-rights over the water.
^Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary, Note. 726 to verse 23: "Among those who returned after spying out the land were two men who had faith and courage. They were Joshua and Caleb. Joshua afterwards succeeded Moses in the leadership after 40 years. These two men pleaded for an immediate entry through the proper Gate, which I understand to mean, 'after taking all due precautions and making all due preparations.' Cf. 2:189 and n. 203. But of course, they said, they must put their trust in Allah for victory."
^M. A. S. Abdel Haleem, translator (2005). The Qur'an. Oxford University Press. p. 70.
Dirasatun Fil Ad-yan Al-Yahudiyah wan Nashraniyah, Dr Su’ud bin Abdil Aziz Al-Khalaf, Penerbit Adhwa-us Salaf, Cetakan I, Th 1422H/2003M
Mujaz Tarikhil Yahudi war-Raddi Ala Ba’dhi Maza’imil Bathilah, Dr Mahmud bin Abdir Rahman Qadah, Majalah Jami’ah Islamiyah, Edisi 107, Th 29, 1418-1419H
Shahih Qashashil Anbiya, karya Ibnu Katsir, Abu Usamah Salim bin Id Al-Hilali, Maktabah Al-Furqan, Cetakan I Th, 1422H
Tafsir Al-Qur’anil Azhim, Abu Fida Ismail Ibnu Umar Ibnu Katsir, Darul Kutub Al-Ilmiyah, Cetakan II, Th.1422H
^Muslim, Book 30, Hadith 5864: The Book Pertaining to the Excellent Qualities of the Holy Prophet (may Peace be upon them) and His Companions (Kitab Al-Fada'il)
^Berger, Uri; Glick, Alexander; Shemer, Maayan (2019). "Meron, Rabbi Shim'on Bar Yochai Compound: Final Report". Hadashot Arkheologiyot. 131. Retrieved 17 April 2024 – via online ed., posted 02/06/2019. Citing Reiner, Elchanan (2012). "Joshua is Simeon Bar Yohai, Hazor is Meron: Towards a Typology of the History of the Establishment of Galilee (Another Chapter in the Religious World of the Galilean Jews)". Tarbiz 80(2):1 pp. 79–218 (Hebrew).
Albright, W. F. (1939). "The Israelite Conquest of Canaan in the Light of Archaeology". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 74 (74): 11–23. doi:10.2307/3218878. JSTOR3218878. S2CID163336577.
Auzou, Georges (1964), Le Don d'une conquête: étude du livre de Josué, Connaissance de la Bible (in French), Édition de l'Orante
Bartlett, John R. (2006). "3: Archeology". In Rogerson, J.W.; Lieu, Judith M. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-925425-5.
Creach, Jerome F.D. (2003). Joshua. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN978-0-664-23738-7. Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2021-05-12.
Kenyon, Kathleen M. (1967). "Jericho". Archaeology. 20 (4): 268–275. JSTOR41667764.
Kenyon, Kathleen M. (2013) [1951]. "Some Notes on the History of Jericho in the Second Millennium B.C.". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 83 (2): 101–38. doi:10.1179/peq.1951.83.2.101.
Rendsburg, Gary A. (1992). "The Date of the Exodus and the Conquest/Settlement: The Case for the 1100S". Vetus Testamentum. 42 (4): 510–27. doi:10.2307/1518961. JSTOR1518961.
Simons, Dorothy Lister (8 January 2018). "The Individual Human Dramatis Personae of the "Divine Comedy"". Modern Philology. 16 (7): 371–380. doi:10.1086/387205. JSTOR432744. S2CID162391725.
Wright, G. Ernest (1955). "Archaeological News and Views: Hazor and the Conquest of Canaan". The Biblical Archaeologist. 18 (4): 106–8. doi:10.2307/3209136. JSTOR3209136. S2CID165857556.
Younger, K. Lawson (2003). "Joshua". In James D.G. Dunn; John William Rogerson (eds.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Wm B. Eerdmans. ISBN9780802837110.
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Czech actress (1953–2021) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Czech. (June 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that a...
French footballer and manager Mickaël Landreau Landreau as Lorient manager in 2019Personal informationFull name Mickaël Vincent André-Marie Landreau[1]Date of birth (1979-05-14) 14 May 1979 (age 44)[2]Place of birth Machecoul, FranceHeight 1.84 m (6 ft 0 in)Position(s) GoalkeeperYouth career1985–1992 Étoile Arthonnaise1992–1993 GS Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire1993–1996 NantesSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1996–2006 Nantes 335 (0)2006–2009 Par...
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Weki Meki위키미키Weki Meki pada September 2018Informasi latar belakangAsalSeoul, Korea SelatanGenreK-popTahun aktif2017 (2017)–sekarangLabelFantagio MusicArtis terkaitI.O.IWJMKSitus webwww.fantagio.kr/en/artists/wekimeki/profile/Anggota Ji Soo-yeon Elly Choi Yoo-jung Kim Do-yeon Sei Lua Rina Lucy Weki Meki (Hangul: 위키미키; RR: Wiki Miki), juga dikenal sebagai WEME (Hangul: 위미; RR: Wimi) atau WKMK adalah grup vokal wanita Korea S...
Place in Castile and León, SpainCastroponce, Spain SealCountrySpainAutonomous communityCastile and LeónProvinceValladolidMunicipalityCastroponceArea • Total24 km2 (9 sq mi)Population (2018)[1] • Total147 • Density6.1/km2 (16/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Castroponce is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the ...
Italian actor (1930–2018) Novello NovelliBornNovellantonio Novelli(1930-03-02)2 March 1930Poggibonsi, ItalyDied10 January 2018(2018-01-10) (aged 87)Poggibonsi, ItalyOccupationActorHeight1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Novello Novelli (2 March 1930 – 10 January 2018) was an Italian character actor. Life and career Born in Poggibonsi, province of Siena, as Novellantonio Novelli, a former footballer and surveyor, Novelli initially was the manager of the cabaret group I Giancattivi con...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Journey of the Lost Boys – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Journey of the Lost Boys (2005) is a non-fiction book by Joan Hecht about The Lost Boys of Sudan. The Lost Boys ...
CasamarcianoKomuneComune di CasamarcianoLokasi Casamarciano di Provinsi NapoliNegara ItaliaWilayah CampaniaProvinsiNapoli (NA)Luas[1] • Total6,38 km2 (2,46 sq mi)Ketinggian[2]70 m (230 ft)Populasi (2016)[3] • Total3.272 • Kepadatan510/km2 (1,300/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Kode pos80032Kode area telepon081Situs webhttp://www.comune.casamarciano.na.it C...
Defunct American female-centric concert tour/music festival The main stage, September 22, 1998, Tweeter Center, Mansfield, Massachusetts Lilith Fair was a concert tour and travelling music festival, founded by Canadian musician Sarah McLachlan, Nettwerk Music Group's Dan Fraser and Terry McBride, and New York talent agent Marty Diamond. It took place during the summers of 1997 to 1999, and was revived in the summer of 2010. It consisted solely of female solo artists and female-led bands. In i...
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Faint Object Spectrograph – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2019) The Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS). This picture was taken after FOS was brought back to the Earth again. Credit: NASA/ESA. The Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) was ...
Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Maimun Zubair – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Kyai HajiKH Maimun ZubairLahir(1928-10-28)28 Oktober 1928Rembang, Hindia BelandaMeninggal6 Agustus 2019(2019-08-06) (umur 90)[1]M...
4th Miss Universe Philippines pageant Miss Universe Philippines 2023Michelle Dee, Miss Universe Philippines 2023DateMay 13, 2023PresentersAlden RichardsXian LimZozibini TunziTim YapMaureen MontagneEntertainmentNam Woo-hyunJessica SanchezSV SquadThemeInspirational FilipinaVenueSM Mall of Asia Arena, Bay City, Pasay, Metro Manila, PhilippinesBroadcasterABS-CBNGMA NetworkEntrants38Placements18DebutsAgusan del NorteApayaoBacoor CityCapizEastern SamarGuimarasNorthern SamarSouthern LeyteWithdrawals...
Archaeological site in northwest Alaska, US United States historic placeIpiutak siteU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesU.S. National Historic LandmarkAlaska Heritage Resources Survey Excavating the Ipiutak siteLocationAddress restricted[2]Nearest cityPoint Hope, AlaskaNRHP reference No.66000157[1]AHRS No.XPH-003Significant datesAdded to NRHPOctober 15, 1966Designated NHLJanuary 20, 1961[3] The Ipiutak site is a large archaeological site at Poi...
Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!
