Hirakata (枚方市, Hirakata-shi) is a city in northeastern Osaka Prefecture, Japan.[2] As of 31 December 2021[update], the city had an estimated population of 397,681 in 183075 households and a population density of 6100 persons per km2.[3] The total area of the city is 65.12 square kilometres (25.14 sq mi).[3]
Geography
Hirakata is located in northeastern of Osaka Prefecture, almost halfway between the metropolis of Osaka and Kyoto. It is on the left bank of the Yodogawa River, and forms a triangle of 12.0 km (7.5 mi) and 8.7 km (5.4 mi) north–south. It is bordered by the Ikoma Mountains to the east.
Hirakata has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Hirakata is 16.2 °C (61.2 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,389.5 mm (54.70 in) with June as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), and lowest in January, at around 4.9 °C (40.8 °F).[4]
Climate data for Hirakata (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
Per Japanese census data,[6] the population of Hirakata rose rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s, and less rapidly since.
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±%
1920
23,714
—
1930
27,878
+17.6%
1940
39,306
+41.0%
1950
52,817
+34.4%
1960
80,312
+52.1%
1970
217,369
+170.7%
1980
353,358
+62.6%
1990
390,788
+10.6%
2000
402,563
+3.0%
2010
407,997
+1.3%
Eriko Aoki, author of "Korean children, textbooks, and educational practices in Japanese primary schools," stated that the city's location in proximity to both Osaka City and Kyoto contributed to its population growth of ten times its previous size from around 1973 to 2013.[7]
Ethnic Koreans
As of 2013 the city has about 2,000 ethnic Koreans. Most Hirakata Koreans,[8] including children of school age, use Japanese names.[9] Many Koreans in Hirakata operate their own businesses. Hirakata has the "mother's society" or "Omoni no Kai", a voluntary association of ethnic Korean mothers. It also has branches of the Chongryon and Mindan, Japan's two major Korean associations. Hirakata has no particular Korean neighborhoods.[8] There were about 3,000 ethnic Koreans in Hirakata in the pre-World War II period. In the 1930s Hirakata Koreans, fearful of keeping their own jobs, had negative attitudes towards Osaka-based Koreans who were looking for employment after having lost their jobs. Military construction was the most common job sector of that era's Korean population.[8] Eriko Aoki stated that in 2013 there was still a sense of difference between the Koreans in Hirakata and the Koreans in Osaka.[8]
History
The area of the modern city of Hirakata was within ancient Kawachi Province. The place name of "Hirakata" is very old, appearing in the Kojiki, Nihon Shoki and other ancient texts. During the Asuka period, the early Buddhist temple of Kudara-dera indicates the settlement of many immigrants from Baekje in the Korean Peninsula from an early time. During the Heian period, the hills from Katano to part of Hirakata were called "Katano ga Hara" and were a hunting ground for the imperial family and were famous for cherry blossoms. The Osaka Kaidō, an extension of the Tōkaidō highway passed through the area, and in the Edo PeriodHirakata-juku developed as a post station on the highway and a river port on the Yodo River.
The Hirakata Town was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. Hirakata was elevated to city status on August 1, 1947. On April 1, 2001, Hirakata was designated as a special city of Japan. On April 1, 2014, Hirakata became a Core city with increased local autonomy.
Government
Hirakata has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 32 members. Hirakata, together with neighboring Katano, contributes four members to the Osaka Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Osaka 11th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Mayors
Sōichirō Terashima (in office 1947 – 1955, 1959 – 1967) former mayor of Hirakata-chō
Harufumi Hatakeyama (1955–1959)
Tomizō Yamamura (1967–1975)
Kazuo Kitamaki (1975–1991)
Kazuo Ōshio (1991–1995)
Hiroshi Nakatsuka (1995–2007)
Osamu Takeuchi (2007–2015)
Takashi Fushimi (2015–present)
Economy
Hirakata's modern industry began with the munitions industry supplying to the Imperial Japanese Army and numerous civilian textile and clothing manufacturers. In early March 1939, a site associated with the arms industry blew up, killing 500 people.[10] In the post-war era, the former munitions plants were transformed into industrial parks, or public housing complexes to support Hirakata's growth as a commuter town for Osaka and Kyoto. Textile and clothing production remain major industries in Hirakata.
Hirakata has 45 public elementary schools and 19 public middle schools operated by the city government and six public high schools operated by the Osaka Prefectural Department of Education, and one by Osaka City. There is also one private elementary school, two private middle schools and three private high schools. The prefecture also operates two special education schools for the handicapped.
^ abcdAoki, Eriko. "Korean children, textbooks, and educational practices in Japanese primary schools" (Chapter 8). In: Ryang, Sonia. Koreans in Japan: Critical Voices from the Margin (Routledge Studies in Asia's Transformations). Routledge, October 8, 2013. ISBN1136353054, 9781136353055. Start: p. 157. CITED: p. 170.
^Aoki, Eriko. "Korean children, textbooks, and educational practices in Japanese primary schools" (Chapter 8). In: Ryang, Sonia. Koreans in Japan: Critical Voices from the Margin (Routledge Studies in Asia's Transformations). Routledge, October 8, 2013. ISBN1136353054, 9781136353055. Start: p. 171.
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