HIV salivary gland disease

Human immunodeficiency virus salivary gland disease (abbreviated to HIV-SGD,^[1] and also termed HIV-associated salivary gland disease),^[2] is swelling of the salivary glands and/or xerostomia in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Signs and symptoms

• Gradual enlargement of the major salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands.^[3] This swelling may be on one side or both sides, may cause disfigurement and may be painful.^[2]
• Xerostomia (dry mouth) with no other cause such as a side effect of medications.^[2]

HIV-SGD may be the presenting sign of HIV infection.^[3] There may also be xerophthalmia (dry eyes) and arthralgia (joint pain), similar to Sjögren syndrome.^[3]

Epidemiology

HIV-SGD is more prevalent in HIV positive children than HIV positive adults,^[4] at about 19% and 1% respectively.^[1] Unlike other oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS such as Kaposi sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis, which decreased following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-SGD has increased.^[2]

References

1. Burket LW; Greenberg MS; Michael Glick; Jonathan A Ship (2008). Burket's Oral Medicine. PMPH-USA. pp. 207–208. ISBN 978-1-55009-345-2.
2. Jeffers, L; Webster-Cyriaque, JY (April 2011). "Viruses and salivary gland disease (SGD): lessons from HIV SGD". Advances in Dental Research. 23 (1): 79–83. doi:10.1177/0022034510396882. PMC 3144046. PMID 21441486.
3. Witt RL (1 January 2011). Salivary Gland Diseases: Surgical and Medical Management. Thieme. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-1-60406-537-4.
4. Schiødt, M (February 1992). "HIV-associated salivary gland disease: a review". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology. 73 (2): 164–7. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(92)90189-w. PMID 1549310.