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Ghanada
Ghanada
Ghanada character
	Art by Ajit Gupta
First appearance	Mosha (The Mosquito) (1945)
Last appearance	Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh bonam Ghanada (1987)
Created by	Premendra Mitra
In-universe information
Full name	Ghanashyam Das
Nicknames	Ghana; Ghanta; Dos; Das;
Occupation	Storytelling; Adventurer;
Relatives	Bachanram Das (16th gen.); Ghanaram Das (22nd gen.);
Religion	Hindu
Nationality	Indian
Age	35 - 55
Residence	"Mess-bari" at 72, Banamali Naskar Lane, Behala, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
Friends	Shibu; Shishir; Gaur; Sudhir; Bipin; Bapi Datta; Ramsharan Babu; Shibapada Babu; Harisadhan Babu; Bhabataran Babu;

Ghanashyam Das alias Ghanada (Bengali: ঘনাদা), the protagonist of the Ghanada series of science fiction novels written in Bengali, is a fictional character created by Premendra Mitra in 1945. In the novels, the character fights evil and stands against international terrorism. The far-fetched stories take place in multiple international locations, and across a historical timeline.^[1] He is depicted regularly outwitting his fellow boarders of the mess-bari at 72, Banamali Naskar Lane, Kolkata (Calcutta).^[2] Ghanada was a personification of Premendra Mitra's anti-fascist humanistic ideologies and moral universe. His stories were notably accurate from a historical, geographical and scientific standpoint.^[3]^[4]^[5]

First appearance

Ghanada's first appearance was in a story titled Mosha (The Mosquito), published in the Puja annual Alpana (Bengali: আলপনা) in 1945 published by Deb Sahitya Kutir, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.^[6]

Ghanada was engaged by a company in Sakhalin to collect amber sometime during 1939, and in due course, he landed up to a scientific laboratory set by Mr Nishimara, an entomologist, in search of a Chinese labourer who went missing. It was later revealed that Mr. Nishamara was genetically converting the mosquitos into deadly agents of biological warfare. When the lone, genetically engineered mosquito landed on the face of Mr. Nishimara and sealed his fate by stinging him, Ghanada slapped Nishmara to kill the mosquito and eliminated a severe threat towards humanity. He declared he never intended to kill another mosquito ever after in his lifetime.

At the end of the story Ghanada took a deep breath as if he was so tired from killing that mosquito and said, "I never felt like killing a mosquito after that incident."^[7]

Characterization

Ghanada

The character of Ghanashyam Das alias Ghanada was outlined as a bachelor, dark-complexioned male with a tall, boney and skeletal structure, aged "anywhere between thirty-five to fifty-five", as described by the author himself in Mosha- the first story of the Ghanada series. He stayed in the third-floor attic of a shared apartment called "Mess-bari" (Bengali: মেস-বাড়ি) at 72, Banamali Naskar Lane, Calcutta, West Bengal, India, along with other boarders, who called him Ghanada, while Ghana is the shortened form of his name Ghanasyam, and the term "da" is a suffix added to the name of an elder male in Bengal to convey reverence and affection. Though he was rarely found engaged in any activity or work other than telling fantastic tales to the boarders of the apartment, sitting in his armchair and cadging cigarettes from his fellow boarders, his tall tales engaged him with most of the major events that had happened in the world for last two hundred years and there was no place on earth which he didn't visit.^[8]

Premendra Mitra, the creator, described Ghanada in an interview by A K Ganguly published in SPAN in 1974, as below:

Ghana~da is a teller of tall tales, but the tales always have a scientific basis. I try to keep them as factually correct and as authentic as possible.^[9]

Reason and medium of arrival at "Mess-bari"

After forty years of publication of the first Ghanada story, the author revealed when and how Ghanada appeared for the first time at 72, Banamali Naskar Lane mess-bari, in the story Ghanada Elen (Ghanada Came) in 1985 at the request of the fans of Ghanada.

"It was the early days of this mess-bari many years ago, when the four friends just occupied this house and were trying to settle down, a strange person, whose age could be anywhere between thirty-five to fifty-five, with a thin and lanky structure like an axe having a deep baritone voice and carrying a small canvas bag, approached them for help.

He needed accommodation to get a confirmed postal address because seven years ago while he was working as an expert in guns, promised Bob Kenneth, a licensed hunter in Uganda, that if his help is needed Bob should put an advertisement in the Times (London) magazine with a symbol of Jerboa.

After watching for the last seven years at last he saw the advertisement in the Times at the Imperial Library of Calcutta while spending a few days in the city. He sent a letter to Bob asking for details in reply to the advertisement letting him know this house at 72 Banamali Naskar Lane as his present address. Now he should wait here only for a few days till the reply comes from Bob.

He himself had chosen a dilapidated rooftop attic room above the second floor and assured that he could manage with the broken bed which he already cleaned up, just for a few days.

The young four friends eagerly agreed to extend all the help to this distressed man, only in lieu of listening from him the interesting story involving Jerboa (no idea what it is), Times Magazine and Bob asked him to stay as long as the reply reaches him. The strange man settled in the attic with his canvas bag. The canvas bag had long gone but the reply from Bob Kenneth never reached in all these years. The man in distress, Ghanada, the fantastic teller of incredible tall tales, settled in the mess-bari rent-free for years to come."^[10]

Other characters

The stories are broadly classified into two varieties:

Science-based stories

The Science-based stories were generally told in the common room of 72, Banamali Naskar Lane in front of the charmed boarders who consisted of four permanent young men - Shibu, Shishir, Gaur, and Sudhir, with some other members who appeared occasionally.

The character of Ghanada is believed to be based on Sri Bimal Ghosh, an acquaintance of Premendra Mitra whom he used to call "TenDa". He was a co-boarder during Mitra's stay in a shared apartment house at Gobinda Ghoshal Lane of Bhabanipur in his early years. The other four main characters were also believed to be based on real persons.^[8]

Shibu was Shibram Chakraborty, the writer
Shishir was Sisir Mitra, producer and actor in Bengali movies, co-founder of Basumitra Chitra Pratisthan
Gaur was Gauranga Prasad Basu, co-founder of Basumitra Chitra Pratisthan
Sudhir was the author of the stories of Ghanada in the first person, and it was the nickname of Premendra Mitra himself.
Bipin appeared only in Mosha (The Mosquito).
Bapi Datta appeared in Hnas and Suto, and so on.

There were two very important and essential characters, without whom, the Ghanada stories would have been incomplete. They were Banoary, the cook, and Rambhuj, the attendant. Some other staff of the mess-bari was also mentioned in various stories from time to time, such as Uddab, the water provider, and Lachhmania, the cleaner.

History based stories

The history-based stories were told in a completely different environment and the audience was also different. Almost every evening five persons, or at least four out of them, used to gather at a seating arrangement around a tree in Rabindra Sarobar by the side of a lake and discuss various matters ranging from health, imperialism, market rate to Vedanta, philosophy, etc. These five men were -

Ramsharan Babu, whose belly was as big as a round pot (Bengali: রামশরণবাবু, যার উদর কুম্ভের মত স্ফীত)
Shibapada Babu, whose head was as smooth as a marble (Bengali: শিবপদবাবু, যার মস্তক মর্মরের মত মসৃণ)
Harisadhan Babu, whose hair was as white as Saccharum spontaneum (Bengali: হরিসাধনবাবু, যার শিরশোভা কাশের মত শুভ্র)
Bhabataran Babu, who was as obese as an elephant (Bengali: ভবতারনবাবু, মেদভারে যিনি হস্তির মত বিপুল)
and Ghanashyam Babu (Ghanada), who was as slender and disproportionate as a camel. (Bengali: ঘনশ্যামবাবু, যিনি উষ্ট্রের মত শীর্ণ ও সামঞ্জস্যহীন)

Works

Short stories


Year	Short story	Name (in English)	Collection
1945	Mosha	The Mosquito	Ghanadar Galpo
1947	Nuri	The Pebble	Ghanadar Galpo
1948	Ghori	The Clock	Awditiyo Ghanada
1948	Poka	The Insect	Ghanadar Galpo
1949	Machh	The Fish	Ghanadar Galpo
1949	Chhori	The Stick	Ghanadar Galpo
1950	Robinson Crusoe Meye Chhilen	Robinson Crusoe was a Woman	Premendra Mitrar Sreshtho Galpo
1950	Kaanch	Glass	Ghanadar Galpo
1952	Tupi	The Cap	Ghanadar Galpo
1952	Lattu	The Top	Ghanadar Galpo
1953	Dada	Brother	Awdwitiyo Ghanada
1954	Phuto	The Hole	Awdwitiyo Ghanada
1955	Dnaat	The Tooth	Awdwitiyo Ghanada
1957	Hnash	The Duck	Awdwitiyo Ghanada
1958	Suto	Thread	Awdwitiyo Ghanada
1959	Shishi	The Phial	Abar Ghanada
1960	Dhil	The Stone	Abar Ghanada
1961	Knecho	The Worm	Ghanadake Vote Din
1962	Chhata	The Umbrella	Ghanada Nityonotun
1963	Chhnuch	The Needle	Abar Ghanada
1963	Machhi	The Fly	Ghanadake Vote Din
1964	Ghanadake Vote Din	Vote for Ghanada	Ghanadake Vote Din
1964	Ghanada Kulfi Khan na	Ghanada doesn't eat Ice cream	Ghanada Nityonotun
1964	Jawl	Water	Ghanada Nityonotun
1965	Chowkh	The Eyes	Ghanada Nityonotun
1966	Bhasha	Language	Ghanadar Juri Nei
1967	Tel	Oil	Ghanadar Juri Nei
1968	Mati	Soil	Ghanadar Juri Nei
1968	Dhulo	Dust	Jnar Naam Ghanada
1969	Maap	Measure	Ghanadar Juri Nei
1969	Kada	Mud	Jnar Naam Ghanada
1969	Naach	Dance	Jnar Naam Ghanada
1970	Mulo	Radish	Jnar Naam Ghanada
1970	Tawl	Like Water	Jnar Naam Ghanada
1970	Ghanadar Dhonurbgango	Ghanada's bow-breaking	Duniyar Ghanada
1971	Knata	Thorn	Duniyar Ghanada
1972	Bhela	The Raft	Ghanadar Chingri Brittanto
1973	Berajaale Ghanada	Ghanada in kiddle	Ghanadar Phnu
1973	Prithibi Barlona Kyano	Why didn't the Earth Expand	Duniyar Ghanada
1974	Gaan	The Song	Duniyar Ghanada
1974	Shanti Porbe Ghanada	Ghanada in the Peace episode	Ghanadar Hij Bij Bij
1975	Keechak bodhe Ghanada	Ghanada in the killing of Keechak	Duniyar Ghanada
1975	Bharat Judhhe Pnipre	Ants in the Great Indian war	Ghanadar Phnu
1975	Gul-e Ghanada		Ghanadar Hij Bij Bij
1975	Timi Taran Ghanada / Ghanadar Hij Bij Bij	Whale rescuer Ghanada	Ghanadar Hij Bij Bij
1976	Khandobdaahe Ghanada	Ghanada at burning Khandob	Ghanadar Phnu
1977	Kurukshetre Ghanada	Ghanada at Kurukshetra	Ghanadar Phnu
1978	Ghanadar Phnu	Ghanada's Puff	Ghanadar Phnu
1980	Jayadrath bodhe Ghanada	Ghanada at the Killing of Jayadrath	Ghanadar Chingri Brittanto
1982	Ghanadar Chithipatro o Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh	Ghanada's letters and Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh	Ghanada o Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh
1982	Parashare Ghanaday	Ghanada vs Parashar	Ghanada o Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh
1983	Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh o Ghanada	Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh and Ghanada	Ghanada o Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh
1983	Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh theke Rasomalai	Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh to Rasomalai	Ghanada o Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh
1983	Ghanadar Shalyo Somachar	Ghanada's operation news	Ghanada o Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh
1983	Atharo noy Unish	It's Nineteen, not Eighteen	Ghanada o Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh
1984	Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh - Ekbachon na Bahubachon	Is Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh - Singular or Plural?	Ghanada o Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh
1984	Ghanada Phirlen	Ghanada Returns	Ghanada o Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh
1985	Ghanadar Bagh	Ghanada's Tiger	Awgronthito
1985	Ghanada Elen	Ghanada Arrives	Ghanadar Chingri Brittanto
1985	Kalo phuto Sada phuto	Blackhole white-hole	Awgronthito
1986	Halley-r Bechal	Halley's Wild Behaviour	Ghanadar Chingri Brittanto
1986	Ghanadar Chingri Brittanto	Ghanada's Shrimp Tale	Ghanadar Chingri Brittanto
1987	Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh bonam Ghanada	Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh vs. Ghanada	Awgronthito

Novellas


Year	Novella	Name (in English)	Collection
1966	Agra Jakhon Talomol	When Agra was unsteady	Agra Jakhon Talomol
1967	Das Holen Ghanada	Thus the Title of 'Das'	Agra Jakhon Talomol

Novels


Year	Novel	Name (in English)
1967	Shurjyo Knadley Sona	Golden tears of the Sun
1972	Mongolgrohe Ghanada	Ghanada in Mars
1978	Tel Deben Ghanada	Ghanada will pay for the Fuel
1986	Mandhatar tope o Ghanada	The bait of Mandhata and Ghanada

Others


Year	Name	Type	Name (in English)	Published in
1956	Ghanar Bachon / Ultohata Jabe ki?	Poem	Ghana Says	Joyjatra
1979	Tini Nei	Incomplete short story	He is Missing	Pokkhiraj
1981	Prithibi Jodi Barto	Skit		Ghanada Bichitra
1980	Mahabharote Ghanada	Incomplete novel	Ghanada in the Mahabharata	Jhalmal
1987	Awsawmpurno Ghanada	Incomplete short story		Sharodiyo Kishore Gyan Bigyan

Published books and compendiums

1956 - Ghanadar Galpo by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Co. Private Ltd.
1959 - Adwityo Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Co. Private Ltd.
1963 - Abar Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Co. Private Ltd.
1964 - Ghanadake Vote Din by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Co. Private Ltd.
1966 - Ghanada Nityonotun by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Co. Private Ltd.
1968 - Agra Jakhon Talomawl by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
1969 - Shurjo Knadley Sona by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Gronthoprokash.
1970 - Ghanadar Juri Nei by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Shoibya Prakashan Bibhag.
1971 - Jnar Naam Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
1973 - Mongolgrohey Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Shoibya Pustakalay.
1975 - Ghanashyam-da (Hindi: घनश्याम-दा) by Premendra Mitra, Radhakrishna Prakashan.
1976 - Duniyar Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Deys Publishing.
1976 - Aphuronto Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Saksharata Prakashan / Pashchimbanga Niraksharata Doorikaran Samiti.
1976 - Ghanashyam-da ke aur kisse (Hindi: घनश्याम-दा के और किससे) by Premendra Mitra, Radhakrishna Prakashan.
1978 - Ghanadar Phnu by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
1979 - Tel Deben Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
1981 - Ghanada Bichitra by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Company.
1982 - The Adventures of Ghanada, translated by Lila Majumdar, New Delhi: National Book Trust, India.
1983 - Ghanadar Hij Bij Bij by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Pakshiraj Prakashani.
1985 - Ghanada O Mou-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Shoibya Prakashan Bibhag.
1987 - Mandhatar Tope O Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
1988 - Ghanadar Chingri Brittanto by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
1989 - Ghanada O Dui Doshor Mamababu O Parashar by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Muktapatra Publications.
2004 - Mosquito and Other Stories, translated by Amlan Das Gupta, Kolkata: Penguin, India.

Anthologies

Ghanada Samagra 1
Ghanada Samagra 2
Ghanada Samagra 3

Ghanada's World Tour

Ghanada traveled all over the world covering all the continents many times over. There is a Google Travelogue - "Ghanada's World Tour" (Map) showing all the places where Ghanada had traveled along with the routes of such travels, the references of the stories and other relevant information.

Legacy

During '80s 'Ghanada club' was founded with the participation of Premendra Mitra, Leela Majumdar and others. The club became defunct after a few years. Later, in August 2019, a club with the same name was formed commemorating Ghanada, which has undertaken the archival works pertaining to Ghana Da stories by Mitra involving translation, compilation, audio stories, publication etc.^[11]^[12]^[13]

References

^ JAMUNA, K. A. (1 June 2017). Children's Literature in Indian Languages. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 978-81-230-2456-1.
^ Bhattacharya, Atanu; Hiradhar, Preet (2018). "The Insectesimal tall tale: Historical catachresis and ethics in the science fiction of Premendra Mitra". Journal of Postcolonial Writing. 54 (2): 174–186. doi:10.1080/17449855.2017.1332676. S2CID 164349172. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
^ Sengupta, Debjani (2010). "Sadhan Babu's friends: Science fictions in Bengali from 1882 to 1974". In Hoagland, Erica; Sarwal, Reema (eds.). Science fiction, Imperialism and the Third World - Essays on Post Colonial Literature and Film. North Carolina, USA: McFarland and Company Inc. Publishers. pp. 115–126. ISBN 978-0-7864-4789-3.
^ Roy, Sandip (7 January 2018). "The furure in the past - Can Bengali science fiction grow up?". The Indian Express. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
^ Mohan, Lal, ed. (1992). "Science fiction (Bengali)". Encyclopedia of Bengali Literature. Vol. V. New Delhi: Sahitya Academy. p. 3889. ISBN 81-260-1221-8.
^ Roy, Biswajit (16 November 2014). "ঘনাদা". anandabazar.com. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
^ Mitra, Premendra (2000). "মশা". In Dasgupta, Surajit (ed.). ঘনাদা সমগ্র - পর্ব ১. Ananda Publishers. pp. 21–29. ISBN 81-7215-395-3.
^ ^a ^b Mitra, Premendra (2000). Dasgupta, Surajit (ed.). ঘনাদা সমগ্র - পর্ব ১. Ananda Publishers. ISBN 81-7215-395-3.
^ Ganguly, A K (1974). "Premendra Mitra's science fiction". SPAN. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Mitra, Prenedra (2001). "ঘনাদা এলেন". In Dasgupta, Surajit (ed.). ঘনাদা সমগ্র - পর্ব ২. Ananda Publishers. p. 401. ISBN 81-7756-101-4.
^ দত্ত, মধুমিতা. "ঘনাদা আবার ফিরে আসুন, উদ্যোগী মার্কিন প্রবাসী বাঙালি". anandabazar.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 27 January 2021.
^ "Agenda – Ghanada Club". ghanada.com. 30 December 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
^ Prohor. "কলকাতার বুকেই লুকিয়ে 'ঘনাদা ক্লাব', আসতে চলেছে ৭৫ বছরের বিশেষ সংকলনও - Prohor". কলকাতার বুকেই লুকিয়ে 'ঘনাদা ক্লাব', আসতে চলেছে ৭৫ বছরের বিশেষ সংকলনও - Prohor (in Bengali). Retrieved 27 January 2021.