Germanite

Germanite
Germanite, probably from the Tsumeb Mine, Oshikoto Region, Namibia.
General
CategorySulfide mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)		Cu26Ge4Fe4S32[1]
IMA symbolGer[2]
Strunz classification2.CB.30
Dana classification2.9.4.2
Crystal systemIsometric
Crystal classHextetrahedral (43m)
H-M symbol: (4 3m)
Space groupP43n
Identification
ColorReddish grey tarnishing to dark brown
Crystal habitUsually massive; rarely as minute cubic crystals
CleavageNone
TenacityBrittle
Mohs scale hardness4
LusterMetallic
StreakDark grey to black
DiaphaneityOpaque
Specific gravity4.4 to 4.6
Other characteristicsCell data: a = 10.585 Å Z = 1[3]
References[4][5]

Germanite is a rare copper iron germanium sulfide mineral, Cu26Fe4Ge4S32. It was first discovered in 1922, and named for its germanium content.[3] It is only a minor source of this important semiconductor element, which is mainly derived from the processing of the zinc sulfide mineral sphalerite.[6] Germanite contains gallium, zinc, molybdenum, arsenic, and vanadium as impurities.[3]

Its type locality is the Tsumeb Mine in Namibia where it occurs in a hydrothermal polymetallic ore deposit in dolomite in association with renierite, pyrite, tennantite, enargite, galena, sphalerite, digenite, bornite and chalcopyrite.[5] It has also been reported from Argentina, Armenia, Bulgaria, Cuba, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire), Finland, France, Greece, Japan, Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Russia and the United States.[3]

X-Ray Powder Diffraction[7]
d spacing 3.05 2.65 1.87 1.60 1.32 1.21 1.08 1.02
relative intensity 10 1 7 4 1 2 2 1

References

  1. ^ American Mineralogist (1984) 69:943-947
  2. ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  3. ^ a b c d http://www.mindat.org/min-1681.html Mindat.org
  4. ^ http://webmineral.com/data/Germanite.shtml Webmineral
  5. ^ a b http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/germanite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy
  6. ^ U.S. Geological Survey (2008), "Germanium—Statistics and Information", U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/germanium/
  7. ^ Dana's New Mineralogy, 8th edition, Gaines et al., Wiley
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