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Georges Rouquier
Georges Rouquier
	Rouquier in 1984
Born	23 June 1909; Lunel-Viel, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
Died	19 December 1989 (aged 80); Paris, France
Occupation(s)	Film director; Screenwriter; Actor
Years active	1942–1983

Georges Rouquier (23 June 1909 – 19 December 1989) was a French film director, screenwriter and actor. He worked principally on documentary films, and his best-known work is Farrebique (1947) a lyrical evocation of farming life in Aveyron.

Biography

Georges Rouquier was born in Lunel-Viel, Hérault into a family of modest means. He trained as a typographer and then a Linotype operator in Montpellier, and in the latter role he took a job in Paris in 1926. He developed an enthusiasm for the cinema and the works of Chaplin, DeMille, Eisenstein, Dovzhenko, and especially the documentarist Robert Flaherty. He met the documentary film-maker Eugène Deslaw who was impressed by his enthusiasm and agreed to teach him the basic techniques of film. Rouquier bought a second-hand camera and made his first (silent) film, Vendanges (1929; now lost), about grape-harvesting in his native region. He continued working in the printing business while further familiarising himself with filming methods, including sound, and it was in the 1940s during the German Occupation of France that he got the opportunity to make some short commissioned films. Le Tonnelier (1942) demonstrated the craftsmanship of a cooper as he makes a barrel, and Le Charron (1943) examined the work of another traditional artisan, a wheelwright. These and other short films which followed affirmed Rouquier's interest in showing men who expressed themselves in their accumulated traditional skills, drawn from an integrated rural way of life.^[1]^[2]

In 1944 Rouquier embarked on his first feature-length film, Farrebique, and spent 18 months living with a peasant farming family at Goutrens in Aveyron to document their way of life and their surroundings.^[3] He declared that he was interested in everything - their habits, customs, and religion, their family relationships, but also the life of insects, plants and the natural world around them.^[4] He produced from this a lyrical chronicle of rural life, structured around the four seasons, at a time when the traditional vision of agriculture was about to vanish with the introduction of mechanised production methods. When the film was released in 1947, it made considerable impact (despite some dissenters) and it was seen by 1,200,000 spectators in cinemas around France, as well as receiving the International Critics Prize at the Cannes film festival.^[5]

Rouquier wanted to make a second film which would show the changes brought to the farm by the introduction of electricity and other modernisations, but he was unable to get funding for it.^[6] However, 38 years later when he was 74, Rouquier finally had the chance to film his contrasting look at the same location in Biquefarre (1983), in which he applied the same detailed attention to a transformed way of life.^[3]

Rouquier continued to make commissioned short films on a variety of subjects, including portraits of the biologist and chemist Louis Pasteur (1947) and the composer Arthur Honegger (1955). He also filmed two fiction dramas, Sang et Lumières (1954) set in Spain, and S.O.S. Noronha (1957) which was based on an incident involving a French communications station off the coast of Brazil during an insurrection in 1930. In the 1960s and 1970s he made numerous films for television. He also made occasional appearances in films as an actor, including Z (1969) for Costa-Gavras and L'Amour nu (1981) for Yannick Bellon.^[7]

Georges Rouquier died in Paris in 1989 and was buried in Montparnasse Cemetery.^[8]

Selected filmography

As director

Feature films

1946: Farrebique
1954: Sang et Lumières / Sangre y luces
1955: Lourdes et ses miracles (trilogy of documentaries)
1957: S.O.S. Noronha
1983: Biquefarre

Short/Medium length films

1929: Vendanges (about grape-harversting)
1942: Le Tonnelier (about a cooper)
1944: Le Charron (about a wheelwright)
1944: La Part de l'enfant
1944: L'Économie des métaux (on the recovery of used metals)
1948: L'Œuvre scientifique de Pasteur (in collaboration with Jean Painlevé)
1949: Le Chaudronnier
1951: Le Sel de la terre (on extracting salt in the Camargue)
1952: Un jour comme les autres (on the prevention of accidents at work)l
1952: Le Lycée sur la colline
1952: Malgovert (on the threat of flooding in a small mountain village)
1955: La Bête noire (on hunting a wild boar)
1955: Arthur Honegger (awarded a prize at the Venice Film Festival 1957)
1958: Une Belle Peur
1959: Le Notaire de Trois-Pistoles
1960: Le Bouclier (on health and safety)
1965: Sire, le Roy n'a plus rien dit (on French-Canadian furniture makers in the 17th and 18th centuries)
1976: Le Maréchal-ferrant (on the life of a blacksmith; won César for best documentary short of 1977)

As actor

1955: Le Sabotier du Val de Loire (narrator) directed by Jacques Demy
1957: Lettre de Sibérie (narrator) directed by Chris Marker
1962: Mandrin (as Voltaire) directed by Jean-Paul Le Chanois
1969: Jeff (as Jeff) directed by Jean Herman
1969: Z directed by Costa-Gavras
1970: Nous n'irons plus aux bois (as doctor) directed by Georges Dumoulin
1971: Primer año directed by Patricio Guzmán
1972: Beau Masque (as Vizille) directed by Bernard Paul
1981: L'Amour nu (as Jean Lafaye) directed by Yannick Bellon

References

^ Vincent Pinel. Cinéma français. Paris: Éditions Cahiers du Cinéma, 2006. pp. 120–123.
^ Dictionnaire du cinéma français; ed. by Jean-Loup Passek. Paris: Larousse, 1987. pp. 368–370.
^ ^a ^b Claude Beylie. Une histoire du cinéma français. Paris: Larousse, 2005. p. 503.
^ Georges Sadoul. Dictionnaire des films. Paris: Seuil, 1983. pp. 109–110.
^ Dictionnaire du cinéma populaire français des origines à nos jours; [ed.] by Christian-Marc Bosséno & Yannick Dehée. [Paris]: Nouveau Monde Éditions, 2004. p. 345.
^ Georges Sadoul. Le Cinéma français (1890-1962). Paris; Flammarion, 1962. p. 109.
^ "Georges Rouquier" at Ciné-Ressources. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
^ Montparnasse cemetery 6ème division in Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs. Archived at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 November 2020.