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GOES-8
	Artist's impression of a GOES-I series satellite in orbit
Mission type	Weather satellite
Operator	NOAA / NASA
COSPAR ID	1994-022A
SATCAT no.	23051
Mission duration	3-5 years (planned); 10 years (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
Bus	LS-1300
Manufacturer	Space Systems/Loral
Launch mass	2,105 kilograms (4,641 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date	13 April 1994, 06:04 UTC
Rocket	Atlas I
Launch site	Cape Canaveral LC-36B
Contractor	Martin Marietta
End of mission
Disposal	Decommissioned
Deactivated	5 May 2004
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Geostationary
Longitude	75° West
Slot	GOES-EAST (1995-2003)
Eccentricity	0.0005384
Perigee altitude	36,151 kilometres (22,463 mi)
Apogee altitude	36,197 kilometres (22,492 mi)
Inclination	10.89°
Period	1,456.0 minutes

GOES-8, known as GOES-I before becoming operational, was an American weather satellite, which formed part of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite system. It was launched in 1994, and operated until 2004 when it was retired and boosted to a graveyard orbit.^[1]^[2] At launch, the satellite had a mass of 2,105 kilograms (4,641 lb), and an expected operational lifespan of three or five years.^[3]^[4] It was built by Space Systems/Loral, based on the LS-1300 satellite bus, and was the first of five GOES-I series satellites to be launched.

Launch

GOES-I was launched aboard a Martin Marietta Atlas I rocket, flying from Launch Complex 36B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.^[5] The launch occurred at 06:04 GMT on 13 April 1994,^[5] and placed the satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit. It was then raised into geostationary orbit by means of an R-4D-11 apogee motor.^[3] During the first burn of the apogee motor, an unusually high temperature was detected in one of the flanges upon which a thruster was mounted,^[6] however later analysis, based on satellites using similar thruster systems, demonstrated that it was still acceptable.^[6] During the third burn, a malfunction of the computer controlling the attitude control system caused several manoeuvring thrusters to fire. This resulted in the burn being aborted.^[6]

GOES-8 was eventually raised to the correct orbit, and positioned at a longitude of 75° West.^[4]^[7] Following on-orbit testing, it was activated as the GOES-EAST satellite, allowing GOES-7, which had previously been covering both positions, to assume GOES-WEST operations.

Operations

GOES-8 suffered from a design fault with the motor windings in its imager and sounder, with one of two sets failing within a few years of it becoming operational. If the other set had failed, it would have made the system inoperable. This fault also occurred on the GOES-9 satellite, which was launched in 1995. It was corrected before GOES-10 was launched.^[8] In 1997, one of its momentum wheels failed, however unlike with GOES-9, the other wheel was not affected, and the satellite was able to continue operations.^[4] GOES-8 was also featured in the 1996 film Twister.

GOES-8 was retired from GOES-EAST operations in 2003, when it was replaced by GOES-12.^[9] Following this it remained in storage for a year as a backup, before being boosted to a graveyard orbit between 4 and 5 May 2004.^[4]

References

^ "GOES-NEWS". NASA. 2009-05-09. Archived from the original on 2004-06-05. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
^ "GOES-8 Spacecraft Status Summary". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
^ ^a ^b Krebs, Gunter. "GOES-8, 9, 10, 11, 12". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "GOES-I Status". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2004-07-04. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
^ ^a ^b McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
^ ^a ^b ^c Harland, David M; Lorenz, Ralph D. (2005). Space Systems Failures (2006 ed.). Chichester: Springer-Praxis. pp. 194–195. ISBN 0-387-21519-0.
^ Wade, Mark. "GOES-Next". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on February 21, 2002. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
^ "GOES Motor Windings". NASA. 2001-04-27. Archived from the original on 2004-07-13. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
^ "GOES-8/12 Transition Plan" (PDF). NASA. 2002-10-28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-10-30. Retrieved 2009-07-09.